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a=openpgp; fpr=35CCFB63B283D6D3AEB783944CB5F6848BBC56EE X-Developer-Signature: v=1; a=openpgp-sha256; l=10015; i=samitolvanen@google.com; h=from:subject; bh=Y2Q+0SIOBCkSyV4UDfg2ZXoAjZ/iJOwOOLFDLF3IL4w=; b=owEB7QES/pANAwAKAUy19oSLvFbuAcsmYgBk1sXckQ+uqRSpz9pUeeNm+q+S6fTT449pmndoL hnHHYwHAnCJAbMEAAEKAB0WIQQ1zPtjsoPW0663g5RMtfaEi7xW7gUCZNbF3AAKCRBMtfaEi7xW 7k4SC/91twCv+6Nupvh6PMBIDoibMdPLsOvY3OWtnHulGqXWqgzj9IMZ6w6r+0GcA8pKdJL4+6G Fnx4mG3R7hPXiv/3AbHsAhRkmjgMSrvtGfEb0Co+fRNKuiHm6LxJnL75+FFkix1BTUd8t5ssbBn xgJeb7+NuSkQdtZ6ElCNZFyEuNd1r3bmhAs8bgd5+KiumNIbMddBqTGxKCt9MeTT44mc8IypMDI WDaxzjYp6crsXmuuB1k+m2h2qrjJsF9s3JxlTyakdeoDKGzbylCi2mCAKL5kyRoK/to2QhpBt1E I3qnZCyGZZjbEr5PpLraZ+aF82FNvb0SBr+gd1CQZTg8NeUS2ATEisqQbjUmVL3IuuLxcEZT0+i q6avizXLdZ5zfz5oA6jtzz2pQkZQaxtJ0yZv12sKre3K3LV+3bhyBM97chJfTx+JeXXi4xMoqRr 26gyqUDDpixyjGMDDnZtPyTSs1AeCBv00Dt6l47tgeobC2eabQoclJi0KlEZtB/ngCaFI= X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.41.0.640.ga95def55d0-goog Message-ID: <20230811233556.97161-8-samitolvanen@google.com> Subject: [PATCH 1/5] riscv: VMAP_STACK overflow detection thread-safe From: Sami Tolvanen To: Paul Walmsley , Palmer Dabbelt , Albert Ou , Kees Cook Cc: Guo Ren , Deepak Gupta , Nathan Chancellor , Nick Desaulniers , Fangrui Song , linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org, llvm@lists.linux.dev, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Jisheng Zhang X-Spam-Status: No, score=-9.6 required=5.0 tests=BAYES_00,DKIMWL_WL_MED, DKIM_SIGNED,DKIM_VALID,DKIM_VALID_AU,DKIM_VALID_EF, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_BLOCKED,SPF_HELO_NONE,SPF_PASS,URIBL_BLOCKED, USER_IN_DEF_DKIM_WL autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.6 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.6 (2021-04-09) on lindbergh.monkeyblade.net Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org X-getmail-retrieved-from-mailbox: INBOX X-GMAIL-THRID: 1773989011842768299 X-GMAIL-MSGID: 1773989011842768299 From: Deepak Gupta commit 31da94c25aea ("riscv: add VMAP_STACK overflow detection") added support for CONFIG_VMAP_STACK. If overflow is detected, CPU switches to `shadow_stack` temporarily before switching finally to per-cpu `overflow_stack`. If two CPUs/harts are racing and end up in over flowing kernel stack, one or both will end up corrupting each other state because `shadow_stack` is not per-cpu. This patch optimizes per-cpu overflow stack switch by directly picking per-cpu `overflow_stack` and gets rid of `shadow_stack`. Following are the changes in this patch - Defines an asm macro to obtain per-cpu symbols in destination register. - In entry.S, when overflow is detected, per-cpu overflow stack is located using per-cpu asm macro. Computing per-cpu symbol requires a temporary register. x31 is saved away into CSR_SCRATCH (CSR_SCRATCH is anyways zero since we're in kernel). Please see Links for additional relevant disccussion and alternative solution. Tested by `echo EXHAUST_STACK > /sys/kernel/debug/provoke-crash/DIRECT` Kernel crash log below Insufficient stack space to handle exception!/debug/provoke-crash/DIRECT Task stack: [0xff20000010a98000..0xff20000010a9c000] Overflow stack: [0xff600001f7d98370..0xff600001f7d99370] CPU: 1 PID: 205 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.1.0-rc2-00001-g328a1f96f7b9 #34 Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT) epc : __memset+0x60/0xfc ra : recursive_loop+0x48/0xc6 [lkdtm] epc : ffffffff808de0e4 ra : ffffffff0163a752 sp : ff20000010a97e80 gp : ffffffff815c0330 tp : ff600000820ea280 t0 : ff20000010a97e88 t1 : 000000000000002e t2 : 3233206874706564 s0 : ff20000010a982b0 s1 : 0000000000000012 a0 : ff20000010a97e88 a1 : 0000000000000000 a2 : 0000000000000400 a3 : ff20000010a98288 a4 : 0000000000000000 a5 : 0000000000000000 a6 : fffffffffffe43f0 a7 : 00007fffffffffff s2 : ff20000010a97e88 s3 : ffffffff01644680 s4 : ff20000010a9be90 s5 : ff600000842ba6c0 s6 : 00aaaaaac29e42b0 s7 : 00fffffff0aa3684 s8 : 00aaaaaac2978040 s9 : 0000000000000065 s10: 00ffffff8a7cad10 s11: 00ffffff8a76a4e0 t3 : ffffffff815dbaf4 t4 : ffffffff815dbaf4 t5 : ffffffff815dbab8 t6 : ff20000010a9bb48 status: 0000000200000120 badaddr: ff20000010a97e88 cause: 000000000000000f Kernel panic - not syncing: Kernel stack overflow CPU: 1 PID: 205 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.1.0-rc2-00001-g328a1f96f7b9 #34 Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT) Call Trace: [] dump_backtrace+0x30/0x38 [] show_stack+0x40/0x4c [] dump_stack_lvl+0x44/0x5c [] dump_stack+0x18/0x20 [] panic+0x126/0x2fe [] walk_stackframe+0x0/0xf0 [] recursive_loop+0x48/0xc6 [lkdtm] SMP: stopping secondary CPUs ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Kernel stack overflow ]--- Cc: Guo Ren Cc: Jisheng Zhang Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-riscv/Y347B0x4VUNOd6V7@xhacker/T/#t Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20221124094845.1907443-1-debug@rivosinc.com/ Signed-off-by: Deepak Gupta Acked-by: Guo Ren --- arch/riscv/include/asm/asm.h | 16 +++++++ arch/riscv/include/asm/thread_info.h | 3 -- arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c | 1 + arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S | 70 ++++------------------------ arch/riscv/kernel/traps.c | 36 +------------- 5 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 98 deletions(-) diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/asm.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/asm.h index 114bbadaef41..f403e46e04f2 100644 --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/asm.h +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/asm.h @@ -82,6 +82,22 @@ .endr .endm +#ifdef CONFIG_32BIT +#define PER_CPU_OFFSET_SHIFT 2 +#else +#define PER_CPU_OFFSET_SHIFT 3 +#endif + +.macro asm_per_cpu dst sym tmp + REG_L \tmp, TASK_TI_CPU_NUM(tp) + slli \tmp, \tmp, PER_CPU_OFFSET_SHIFT + la \dst, __per_cpu_offset + add \dst, \dst, \tmp + REG_L \tmp, 0(\dst) + la \dst, \sym + add \dst, \dst, \tmp +.endm + /* save all GPs except x1 ~ x5 */ .macro save_from_x6_to_x31 REG_S x6, PT_T1(sp) diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/thread_info.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/thread_info.h index 1833beb00489..d18ce0113ca1 100644 --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/thread_info.h +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/thread_info.h @@ -34,9 +34,6 @@ #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__ -extern long shadow_stack[SHADOW_OVERFLOW_STACK_SIZE / sizeof(long)]; -extern unsigned long spin_shadow_stack; - #include #include diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c b/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c index d6a75aac1d27..9f535d5de33f 100644 --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c @@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ void asm_offsets(void) OFFSET(TASK_TI_KERNEL_SP, task_struct, thread_info.kernel_sp); OFFSET(TASK_TI_USER_SP, task_struct, thread_info.user_sp); + OFFSET(TASK_TI_CPU_NUM, task_struct, thread_info.cpu); OFFSET(TASK_THREAD_F0, task_struct, thread.fstate.f[0]); OFFSET(TASK_THREAD_F1, task_struct, thread.fstate.f[1]); OFFSET(TASK_THREAD_F2, task_struct, thread.fstate.f[2]); diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S b/arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S index 143a2bb3e697..3d11aa3af105 100644 --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S @@ -10,9 +10,11 @@ #include #include #include +#include #include #include #include +#include SYM_CODE_START(handle_exception) /* @@ -170,67 +172,15 @@ SYM_CODE_END(ret_from_exception) #ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK SYM_CODE_START_LOCAL(handle_kernel_stack_overflow) - /* - * Takes the psuedo-spinlock for the shadow stack, in case multiple - * harts are concurrently overflowing their kernel stacks. We could - * store any value here, but since we're overflowing the kernel stack - * already we only have SP to use as a scratch register. So we just - * swap in the address of the spinlock, as that's definately non-zero. - * - * Pairs with a store_release in handle_bad_stack(). - */ -1: la sp, spin_shadow_stack - REG_AMOSWAP_AQ sp, sp, (sp) - bnez sp, 1b - - la sp, shadow_stack - addi sp, sp, SHADOW_OVERFLOW_STACK_SIZE - - //save caller register to shadow stack - addi sp, sp, -(PT_SIZE_ON_STACK) - REG_S x1, PT_RA(sp) - REG_S x5, PT_T0(sp) - REG_S x6, PT_T1(sp) - REG_S x7, PT_T2(sp) - REG_S x10, PT_A0(sp) - REG_S x11, PT_A1(sp) - REG_S x12, PT_A2(sp) - REG_S x13, PT_A3(sp) - REG_S x14, PT_A4(sp) - REG_S x15, PT_A5(sp) - REG_S x16, PT_A6(sp) - REG_S x17, PT_A7(sp) - REG_S x28, PT_T3(sp) - REG_S x29, PT_T4(sp) - REG_S x30, PT_T5(sp) - REG_S x31, PT_T6(sp) - - la ra, restore_caller_reg - tail get_overflow_stack - -restore_caller_reg: - //save per-cpu overflow stack - REG_S a0, -8(sp) - //restore caller register from shadow_stack - REG_L x1, PT_RA(sp) - REG_L x5, PT_T0(sp) - REG_L x6, PT_T1(sp) - REG_L x7, PT_T2(sp) - REG_L x10, PT_A0(sp) - REG_L x11, PT_A1(sp) - REG_L x12, PT_A2(sp) - REG_L x13, PT_A3(sp) - REG_L x14, PT_A4(sp) - REG_L x15, PT_A5(sp) - REG_L x16, PT_A6(sp) - REG_L x17, PT_A7(sp) - REG_L x28, PT_T3(sp) - REG_L x29, PT_T4(sp) - REG_L x30, PT_T5(sp) - REG_L x31, PT_T6(sp) + /* we reach here from kernel context, sscratch must be 0 */ + csrrw x31, CSR_SCRATCH, x31 + asm_per_cpu sp, overflow_stack, x31 + li x31, OVERFLOW_STACK_SIZE + add sp, sp, x31 + /* zero out x31 again and restore x31 */ + xor x31, x31, x31 + csrrw x31, CSR_SCRATCH, x31 - //load per-cpu overflow stack - REG_L sp, -8(sp) addi sp, sp, -(PT_SIZE_ON_STACK) //save context to overflow stack diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/traps.c b/arch/riscv/kernel/traps.c index f910dfccbf5d..deb2144d9143 100644 --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/traps.c +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/traps.c @@ -397,48 +397,14 @@ int is_valid_bugaddr(unsigned long pc) #endif /* CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG */ #ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK -/* - * Extra stack space that allows us to provide panic messages when the kernel - * has overflowed its stack. - */ -static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long [OVERFLOW_STACK_SIZE/sizeof(long)], +DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long [OVERFLOW_STACK_SIZE/sizeof(long)], overflow_stack)__aligned(16); -/* - * A temporary stack for use by handle_kernel_stack_overflow. This is used so - * we can call into C code to get the per-hart overflow stack. Usage of this - * stack must be protected by spin_shadow_stack. - */ -long shadow_stack[SHADOW_OVERFLOW_STACK_SIZE/sizeof(long)] __aligned(16); - -/* - * A pseudo spinlock to protect the shadow stack from being used by multiple - * harts concurrently. This isn't a real spinlock because the lock side must - * be taken without a valid stack and only a single register, it's only taken - * while in the process of panicing anyway so the performance and error - * checking a proper spinlock gives us doesn't matter. - */ -unsigned long spin_shadow_stack; - -asmlinkage unsigned long get_overflow_stack(void) -{ - return (unsigned long)this_cpu_ptr(overflow_stack) + - OVERFLOW_STACK_SIZE; -} asmlinkage void handle_bad_stack(struct pt_regs *regs) { unsigned long tsk_stk = (unsigned long)current->stack; unsigned long ovf_stk = (unsigned long)this_cpu_ptr(overflow_stack); - /* - * We're done with the shadow stack by this point, as we're on the - * overflow stack. Tell any other concurrent overflowing harts that - * they can proceed with panicing by releasing the pseudo-spinlock. - * - * This pairs with an amoswap.aq in handle_kernel_stack_overflow. - */ - smp_store_release(&spin_shadow_stack, 0); - console_verbose(); pr_emerg("Insufficient stack space to handle exception!\n");