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[2620:137:e000::1:20]) by mx.google.com with ESMTP id gn41-20020a1709070d2900b0078b3edae43asi26634433ejc.50.2022.10.23.08.39.09; Sun, 23 Oct 2022 08:39:34 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 2620:137:e000::1:20 as permitted sender) client-ip=2620:137:e000::1:20; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; dkim=pass header.i=@intel.com header.s=Intel header.b=lTNULwkR; spf=pass (google.com: domain of linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 2620:137:e000::1:20 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=NONE sp=NONE dis=NONE) header.from=intel.com Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S230208AbiJWPdV (ORCPT + 99 others); Sun, 23 Oct 2022 11:33:21 -0400 Received: from lindbergh.monkeyblade.net ([23.128.96.19]:59472 "EHLO lindbergh.monkeyblade.net" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S230167AbiJWPdT (ORCPT ); Sun, 23 Oct 2022 11:33:19 -0400 Received: from mga09.intel.com (mga09.intel.com [134.134.136.24]) by lindbergh.monkeyblade.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 0702A760F5 for ; Sun, 23 Oct 2022 08:33:18 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=intel.com; i=@intel.com; q=dns/txt; s=Intel; t=1666539198; x=1698075198; h=from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:in-reply-to: references:mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=IpbO5SkXYoDjW3gNw2zKcEzfXLKkirQXFwEG0TXP5wg=; b=lTNULwkRl+8gOpWPqk6PKbDw83pnVjNn/Gdg1J3X+0Ty3DX7YMvqPsXB UmO8M4AfaKwbDrzm1M6NAKFNIWqn1j0+fsxAkRTCL8ZrYSjtXfp8CqGnQ JAHBl6L7UAeg0rXD/8Ll3G6hMDLKFIdbYB3eivExX2IQSJQ4gdQWgN7qM kF2nppQ7aRwlfrf6HnZ4Fb4jccJeP5H7PIcy+6wNa1+aeajhM51r0pVck UO9++iz8yGYWxEheM/KmSUHyNvVamPTdV9XjE6UQ/48hGniKiz+kz/34z JsmsLkkKqKzrTpy3YB5X/JOjcU+Agfin0kiurZ5pvGe3OIEwBbz13P5in w==; X-IronPort-AV: E=McAfee;i="6500,9779,10509"; a="308370739" X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="5.95,207,1661842800"; d="scan'208";a="308370739" Received: from orsmga004.jf.intel.com ([10.7.209.38]) by orsmga102.jf.intel.com with ESMTP/TLS/ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384; 23 Oct 2022 08:33:17 -0700 X-ExtLoop1: 1 X-IronPort-AV: E=McAfee;i="6500,9779,10509"; a="756329739" X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="5.95,207,1661842800"; d="scan'208";a="756329739" Received: from chenyu-dev.sh.intel.com ([10.239.158.170]) by orsmga004.jf.intel.com with ESMTP; 23 Oct 2022 08:33:12 -0700 From: Chen Yu To: Peter Zijlstra , Vincent Guittot , Tim Chen , Mel Gorman Cc: Juri Lelli , Rik van Riel , Aaron Lu , Abel Wu , K Prateek Nayak , Yicong Yang , "Gautham R . Shenoy" , Ingo Molnar , Dietmar Eggemann , Steven Rostedt , Ben Segall , Daniel Bristot de Oliveira , Valentin Schneider , Hillf Danton , Honglei Wang , Len Brown , Chen Yu , linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Chen Yu Subject: [RFC PATCH v2 2/2] sched/fair: Choose the CPU where short task is running during wake up Date: Sun, 23 Oct 2022 23:33:39 +0800 Message-Id: <1a34e009de0dbe5900c7b2c6074c8e0c04e8596a.1666531576.git.yu.c.chen@intel.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.25.1 In-Reply-To: References: MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.9 required=5.0 tests=BAYES_00,DKIMWL_WL_HIGH, DKIM_SIGNED,DKIM_VALID,DKIM_VALID_AU,DKIM_VALID_EF,RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H3,RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_WL,SPF_HELO_NONE,SPF_NONE autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.6 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.6 (2021-04-09) on lindbergh.monkeyblade.net Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org X-getmail-retrieved-from-mailbox: =?utf-8?q?INBOX?= X-GMAIL-THRID: =?utf-8?q?1747493077233876061?= X-GMAIL-MSGID: =?utf-8?q?1747493400498027854?= [Problem Statement] For a workload that is doing frequent context switches, the throughput scales well until the number of instances reaches a peak point. After that peak point, the throughput drops significantly if the number of instances continues to increase. The will-it-scale context_switch1 test case exposes the issue. The test platform has 112 CPUs per LLC domain. The will-it-scale launches 1, 8, 16 ... 112 instances respectively. Each instance is composed of 2 tasks, and each pair of tasks would do ping-pong scheduling via pipe_read() and pipe_write(). No task is bound to any CPU. It is found that, once the number of instances is higher than 56(112 tasks in total, every CPU has 1 task), the throughput drops accordingly if the instance number continues to increase: ^ throughput| | X | X X X | X X X | X X | X X | X | X | X | X | +-----------------.-------------------> 56 number of instances [Symptom analysis] Both perf profile and lockstat have shown that, the bottleneck is the runqueue spinlock. Take perf profile for example: nr_instance rq lock percentage 1 1.22% 8 1.17% 16 1.20% 24 1.22% 32 1.46% 40 1.61% 48 1.63% 56 1.65% -------------------------- 64 3.77% | 72 5.90% | increase 80 7.95% | 88 9.98% v 96 11.81% 104 13.54% 112 15.13% And the rq lock bottleneck is composed of two paths(perf profile): (path1): raw_spin_rq_lock_nested.constprop.0; try_to_wake_up; default_wake_function; autoremove_wake_function; __wake_up_common; __wake_up_common_lock; __wake_up_sync_key; pipe_write; new_sync_write; vfs_write; ksys_write; __x64_sys_write; do_syscall_64; entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe;write (path2): raw_spin_rq_lock_nested.constprop.0; __sched_text_start; schedule_idle; do_idle; cpu_startup_entry; start_secondary; secondary_startup_64_no_verify The idle percentage is around 30% when there are 112 instances: %Cpu0 : 2.7 us, 66.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 30.7 id As a comparison, if set CPU affinity to these workloads, which stops them from migrating among CPUs, the idle percentage drops to nearly 0%, and the throughput increases by about 300%. This indicates that there is room for optimization. A possible scenario to describe the lock contention: task A tries to wakeup task B on CPU1, then task A grabs the runqueue lock of CPU1. If CPU1 is about to quit idle, it needs to grab its own lock which has been taken by someone else. Then CPU1 takes more time to quit which hurts the performance. TTWU_QUEUE could mitigate the cross CPU runqueue lock contention. Since commit f3dd3f674555 ("sched: Remove the limitation of WF_ON_CPU on wakelist if wakee cpu is idle"), TTWU_QUEUE offloads the work from the waker and leverages the idle CPU to queue the wakee. However, a long idle duration is still observed. The idle task spends quite some time on sched_ttwu_pending() before it switches out. This long idle duration would mislead SIS_UTIL, then SIS_UTIL suggests the waker scan for more CPUs. The time spent searching for an idle CPU would make wakee waiting for more time, which in turn leads to more idle time. The NEWLY_IDLE balance fails to pull tasks to the idle CPU, which might be caused by no runnable wakee being found. [Proposal] If a system is busy, and if the workloads are doing frequent context switches, it might not be a good idea to spread the wakee on different CPUs. Instead, consider the task running time and enhance wake affine might be applicable. This idea has been suggested by Rik at LPC 2019 when discussing the latency nice. He asked the following question: if P1 is a small-time slice task on CPU, can we put the waking task P2 on the CPU and wait for P1 to release the CPU, without wasting time searching for an idle CPU? At LPC 2021 Vincent Guittot has proposed: 1. If the wakee is a long-running task, should we skip the short idle CPU? 2. If the wakee is a short-running task, can we put it onto a lightly loaded local CPU? Inspired by this, if the target CPU is running a short task, and the task is the only runnable task on target CPU, then the target CPU could be chosen as the candidate when the system is busy. The definition of a short task is: The average duration of the task in each run is no more than sysctl_sched_min_granularity. If a task switches in and then voluntarily relinquishes the CPU quickly, it is regarded as a short task. Choosing sysctl_sched_min_granularity because it is the minimal slice if there are too many runnable tasks. Reuse the nr_idle_scan of SIS_UTIL to decide if the system is busy. If yes, then a compromised "idle" CPU might be acceptable. The reason is that, if the waker is a short-duration task, it might relinquish the CPU soon, and the wakee has the chance to be scheduled. The effect is, the wake affine is enhanced. But this strategy should only take effect when the system is busy. Otherwise, it could inhibit spreading the workload when there are many idle CPUs around, as Peter mentioned. [Benchmark results] The baseline is v6.0. The test platform has 56 Cores(112 CPUs) per LLC domain. First tested with SNC(Sub-Numa-Cluser) disabled, then with SNC4 enabled(each Cluster has 28 CPUs), to evaluate the impact on small LLC domain. [SNC disabled] The throughput of will-it-scale.context_switch1 has been increased by 331.13% with this patch applied. netperf ======= case load baseline(std%) compare%( std%) TCP_RR 28 threads 1.00 ( 0.61) -0.38 ( 0.66) TCP_RR 56 threads 1.00 ( 0.51) -0.11 ( 0.52) TCP_RR 84 threads 1.00 ( 0.30) -0.98 ( 0.28) TCP_RR 112 threads 1.00 ( 0.22) -1.07 ( 0.21) TCP_RR 140 threads 1.00 ( 0.19) +185.34 ( 9.21) TCP_RR 168 threads 1.00 ( 0.17) +195.31 ( 9.48) TCP_RR 196 threads 1.00 ( 13.32) +0.17 ( 13.39) TCP_RR 224 threads 1.00 ( 8.81) +0.50 ( 7.18) UDP_RR 28 threads 1.00 ( 0.94) -0.56 ( 1.03) UDP_RR 56 threads 1.00 ( 0.82) -0.67 ( 0.83) UDP_RR 84 threads 1.00 ( 0.15) -2.34 ( 0.71) UDP_RR 112 threads 1.00 ( 5.54) -2.92 ( 8.35) UDP_RR 140 threads 1.00 ( 4.90) +139.71 ( 14.04) UDP_RR 168 threads 1.00 ( 10.56) +151.51 ( 11.16) UDP_RR 196 threads 1.00 ( 18.68) -4.32 ( 16.22) UDP_RR 224 threads 1.00 ( 12.84) -4.56 ( 14.15) hackbench ========= case load baseline(std%) compare%( std%) process-pipe 1 group 1.00 ( 1.21) -1.06 ( 0.59) process-pipe 2 groups 1.00 ( 1.35) -1.21 ( 0.69) process-pipe 4 groups 1.00 ( 0.36) -0.68 ( 0.15) process-pipe 8 groups 1.00 ( 0.06) +2.24 ( 0.14) process-sockets 1 group 1.00 ( 1.04) +2.69 ( 1.18) process-sockets 2 groups 1.00 ( 2.12) +0.48 ( 1.80) process-sockets 4 groups 1.00 ( 0.10) -2.30 ( 0.09) process-sockets 8 groups 1.00 ( 0.04) -1.84 ( 0.06) threads-pipe 1 group 1.00 ( 0.47) -0.70 ( 1.13) threads-pipe 2 groups 1.00 ( 0.32) +0.15 ( 0.66) threads-pipe 4 groups 1.00 ( 0.64) -0.26 ( 0.69) threads-pipe 8 groups 1.00 ( 0.04) +3.99 ( 0.04) threads-sockets 1 group 1.00 ( 1.39) -5.40 ( 2.07) threads-sockets 2 groups 1.00 ( 0.79) -1.32 ( 2.07) threads-sockets 4 groups 1.00 ( 0.23) -2.08 ( 0.08) threads-sockets 8 groups 1.00 ( 0.05) -1.84 ( 0.03) tbench ====== case load baseline(std%) compare%( std%) loopback 28 threads 1.00 ( 0.12) -0.45 ( 0.09) loopback 56 threads 1.00 ( 0.34) -0.29 ( 0.10) loopback 84 threads 1.00 ( 0.06) -0.36 ( 0.05) loopback 112 threads 1.00 ( 0.05) +0.19 ( 0.05) loopback 140 threads 1.00 ( 0.28) -4.02 ( 0.10) loopback 168 threads 1.00 ( 0.31) -3.36 ( 0.33) loopback 196 threads 1.00 ( 0.25) -2.91 ( 0.28) loopback 224 threads 1.00 ( 0.15) -3.42 ( 0.22) schbench ======== case load baseline(std%) compare%( std%) normal 1 mthread 1.00 ( 0.00) +28.40 ( 0.00) normal 2 mthreads 1.00 ( 0.00) +8.20 ( 0.00) normal 4 mthreads 1.00 ( 0.00) +7.58 ( 0.00) normal 8 mthreads 1.00 ( 0.00) -3.91 ( 0.00) [SNC4 enabled] Each LLC domain now has 14 Cores/28 CPUs. netperf ======= case load baseline(std%) compare%( std%) TCP_RR 28 threads 1.00 ( 2.92) +0.21 ( 2.48) TCP_RR 56 threads 1.00 ( 1.48) -0.15 ( 1.49) TCP_RR 84 threads 1.00 ( 1.82) +3.29 ( 2.00) TCP_RR 112 threads 1.00 ( 25.85) +126.43 ( 0.74) TCP_RR 140 threads 1.00 ( 6.01) -0.20 ( 6.38) TCP_RR 168 threads 1.00 ( 7.21) -0.13 ( 7.31) TCP_RR 196 threads 1.00 ( 12.60) -0.28 ( 12.49) TCP_RR 224 threads 1.00 ( 12.53) -0.29 ( 12.35) UDP_RR 28 threads 1.00 ( 2.29) -0.69 ( 1.65) UDP_RR 56 threads 1.00 ( 0.86) -1.30 ( 7.79) UDP_RR 84 threads 1.00 ( 6.56) +3.11 ( 10.79) UDP_RR 112 threads 1.00 ( 5.74) +132.30 ( 6.80) UDP_RR 140 threads 1.00 ( 12.85) -6.79 ( 8.45) UDP_RR 168 threads 1.00 ( 13.23) -6.69 ( 9.44) UDP_RR 196 threads 1.00 ( 14.86) -7.59 ( 17.78) UDP_RR 224 threads 1.00 ( 13.84) -7.01 ( 14.75) tbench ====== case load baseline(std%) compare%( std%) loopback 28 threads 1.00 ( 0.27) -0.80 ( 0.33) loopback 56 threads 1.00 ( 0.59) +0.18 ( 0.53) loopback 84 threads 1.00 ( 0.23) +2.63 ( 0.48) loopback 112 threads 1.00 ( 1.50) +6.56 ( 0.28) loopback 140 threads 1.00 ( 0.35) +3.77 ( 1.67) loopback 168 threads 1.00 ( 0.69) +4.86 ( 0.12) loopback 196 threads 1.00 ( 0.91) +3.95 ( 0.34) loopback 224 threads 1.00 ( 0.26) +4.15 ( 0.06) hackbench ========= case load baseline(std%) compare%( std%) process-pipe 1 group 1.00 ( 1.30) +0.52 ( 0.32) process-pipe 2 groups 1.00 ( 1.26) +2.20 ( 1.42) process-pipe 4 groups 1.00 ( 2.60) -4.01 ( 1.31) process-pipe 8 groups 1.00 ( 1.01) +0.58 ( 1.26) process-sockets 8 groups 1.00 ( 2.98) -2.06 ( 1.54) process-sockets 2 groups 1.00 ( 0.62) -1.56 ( 0.19) process-sockets 4 groups 1.00 ( 1.88) +0.57 ( 0.99) process-sockets 8 groups 1.00 ( 0.23) -0.60 ( 0.17) threads-pipe 1 group 1.00 ( 0.68) +1.27 ( 0.39) threads-pipe 2 groups 1.00 ( 1.56) +0.85 ( 2.82) threads-pipe 4 groups 1.00 ( 3.16) +0.26 ( 1.72) threads-pipe 8 groups 1.00 ( 1.03) +2.28 ( 0.95) threads-sockets 1 group 1.00 ( 1.68) -1.41 ( 3.78) threads-sockets 2 groups 1.00 ( 0.13) -1.70 ( 0.88) threads-sockets 4 groups 1.00 ( 5.48) -4.99 ( 2.66) threads-sockets 8 groups 1.00 ( 0.06) -0.41 ( 0.10) schbench ======== case load baseline(std%) compare%( std%) normal 1 mthread 1.00 ( 0.00) -7.81 ( 0.00)* normal 2 mthreads 1.00 ( 0.00) +6.25 ( 0.00) normal 4 mthreads 1.00 ( 0.00) +22.50 ( 0.00) normal 8 mthreads 1.00 ( 0.00) +6.99 ( 0.00) In summary, overall there is no significant performance regression detected and there is improvement in some cases. The schbench result is quite unstable when there is 1 mthread so the -7.81 regress might not be valid. Other than that, netperf and schbench have shown improvement in the partially-busy case. This patch is more about enhancing the wake affine, rather than improving the SIS efficiency, so Mel's SIS statistic patch was not deployed. [Limitations] When the number of CPUs suggested by SIS_UTIL is lower than 60% of the LLC CPUs, the LLC domain is regarded as relatively busy. However, the 60% is somewhat arbitrary, because it indicates that the util_avg% is around 50%, a half busy LLC. I don't have other lightweight/accurate method in mind to check if the LLC domain is busy or not. By far the test result looks good. Suggested-by: Tim Chen Suggested-by: K Prateek Nayak Signed-off-by: Chen Yu --- kernel/sched/fair.c | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+) diff --git a/kernel/sched/fair.c b/kernel/sched/fair.c index 8820d0d14519..3a8ee6232c59 100644 --- a/kernel/sched/fair.c +++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c @@ -6249,6 +6249,11 @@ wake_affine_idle(int this_cpu, int prev_cpu, int sync) if (available_idle_cpu(prev_cpu)) return prev_cpu; + /* The only running task is a short duration one. */ + if (cpu_rq(this_cpu)->nr_running == 1 && + is_short_task(cpu_curr(this_cpu))) + return this_cpu; + return nr_cpumask_bits; } @@ -6623,6 +6628,23 @@ static int select_idle_cpu(struct task_struct *p, struct sched_domain *sd, bool /* overloaded LLC is unlikely to have idle cpu/core */ if (nr == 1) return -1; + + /* + * If nr is smaller than 60% of llc_weight, it + * indicates that the util_avg% is higher than 50%. + * This is calculated by SIS_UTIL in + * update_idle_cpu_scan(). The 50% util_avg indicates + * a half-busy LLC domain. System busier than this + * level could lower its bar to choose a compromised + * "idle" CPU, so as to avoid the overhead of cross + * CPU wakeup. If the task on target CPU is a short + * duration one, and it is the only running task, pick + * target directly. + */ + if (!has_idle_core && (5 * nr < 3 * sd->span_weight) && + cpu_rq(target)->nr_running == 1 && + is_short_task(cpu_curr(target))) + return target; } }