[RFC,v3,Optimizing,veth,xsk,performance,0/9]

  AF_XDP is a kernel bypass technology that can greatly improve performance.
However,for virtual devices like veth,even with the use of AF_XDP sockets,
there are still many additional software paths that consume CPU resources. 
This patch series focuses on optimizing the performance of AF_XDP sockets 
for veth virtual devices. Patches 1 to 4 mainly involve preparatory work. 
Patch 5 introduces tx queue and tx napi for packet transmission, while 
patch 8 primarily implements batch sending for IPv4 UDP packets, and patch 9
add support for AF_XDP tx need_wakup feature. These optimizations significantly
reduce the software path and support checksum offload.

I tested those feature with
A typical topology is shown below:
client(send):                                        server:(recv)
veth<-->veth-peer                                    veth1-peer<--->veth1
  1       |                                                  |   7
          |2                                                6|
          |                                                  |
        bridge<------->eth0(mlnx5)- switch -eth1(mlnx5)<--->bridge1
                  3                    4                 5    
             (machine1)                              (machine2)    
AF_XDP socket is attach to veth and veth1. and send packets to physical NIC(eth0)
veth:(172.17.0.2/24)
bridge:(172.17.0.1/24)
eth0:(192.168.156.66/24)

eth1(172.17.0.2/24)
bridge1:(172.17.0.1/24)
eth0:(192.168.156.88/24)

after set default route\snat\dnat. we can have a tests
to get the performance results.

packets send from veth to veth1:
af_xdp test tool:
link:https://github.com/cclinuxer/libxudp
send:(veth)
./objs/xudpperf send --dst 192.168.156.88:6002 -l 1300
recv:(veth1)
./objs/xudpperf recv --src 172.17.0.2:6002

udp test tool:iperf3
send:(veth)
iperf3 -c 192.168.156.88 -p 6002 -l 1300 -b 0 -u
recv:(veth1)
iperf3 -s -p 6002

performance:
performance:(test weth libxudp lib)
UDP                              : 320 Kpps (with 100% cpu)
AF_XDP   no  zerocopy + no batch : 480 Kpps (with ksoftirqd 100% cpu)
AF_XDP  with  batch  +  zerocopy : 1.5 Mpps (with ksoftirqd 15% cpu)

With af_xdp batch, the libxudp user-space program reaches a bottleneck.
Therefore, the softirq did not reach the limit.

This is just an RFC patch series, and some code details still need 
further consideration. Please review this proposal.

v2->v3:
- fix build error find by kernel test robot.

v1->v2:
- all the patches pass checkpatch.pl test. suggested by Simon Horman.
- iperf3 tested with -b 0, update the test results. suggested by Paolo Abeni.
- refactor code to make code structure clearer.
- delete some useless code logic in the veth_xsk_tx_xmit function.
- add support for AF_XDP tx need_wakup feature.

Albert Huang (9):
  veth: Implement ethtool's get_ringparam() callback
  xsk: add dma_check_skip for skipping dma check
  veth: add support for send queue
  xsk: add xsk_tx_completed_addr function
  veth: use send queue tx napi to xmit xsk tx desc
  veth: add ndo_xsk_wakeup callback for veth
  sk_buff: add destructor_arg_xsk_pool for zero copy
  veth: af_xdp tx batch support for ipv4 udp
  veth: add support for AF_XDP tx need_wakup feature

 drivers/net/veth.c          | 679 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 include/linux/skbuff.h      |   2 +
 include/net/xdp_sock_drv.h  |   5 +
 include/net/xsk_buff_pool.h |   1 +
 net/xdp/xsk.c               |   6 +
 net/xdp/xsk_buff_pool.c     |   3 +-
 net/xdp/xsk_queue.h         |  10 +
 7 files changed, 704 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
  

Albert Huang <huangjie.albert@bytedance.com> writes:

> AF_XDP is a kernel bypass technology that can greatly improve performance.
> However,for virtual devices like veth,even with the use of AF_XDP sockets,
> there are still many additional software paths that consume CPU resources. 
> This patch series focuses on optimizing the performance of AF_XDP sockets 
> for veth virtual devices. Patches 1 to 4 mainly involve preparatory work. 
> Patch 5 introduces tx queue and tx napi for packet transmission, while 
> patch 8 primarily implements batch sending for IPv4 UDP packets, and patch 9
> add support for AF_XDP tx need_wakup feature. These optimizations significantly
> reduce the software path and support checksum offload.
>
> I tested those feature with
> A typical topology is shown below:
> client(send):                                        server:(recv)
> veth<-->veth-peer                                    veth1-peer<--->veth1
>   1       |                                                  |   7
>           |2                                                6|
>           |                                                  |
>         bridge<------->eth0(mlnx5)- switch -eth1(mlnx5)<--->bridge1
>                   3                    4                 5    
>              (machine1)                              (machine2)    

I definitely applaud the effort to improve the performance of af_xdp
over veth, this is something we have flagged as in need of improvement
as well.

However, looking through your patch series, I am less sure that the
approach you're taking here is the right one.

AFAIU (speaking about the TX side here), the main difference between
AF_XDP ZC and the regular transmit mode is that in the regular TX mode
the stack will allocate an skb to hold the frame and push that down the
stack. Whereas in ZC mode, there's a driver NDO that gets called
directly, bypassing the skb allocation entirely.

In this series, you're implementing the ZC mode for veth, but the driver
code ends up allocating an skb anyway. Which seems to be a bit of a
weird midpoint between the two modes, and adds a lot of complexity to
the driver that (at least conceptually) is mostly just a
reimplementation of what the stack does in non-ZC mode (allocate an skb
and push it through the stack).

So my question is, why not optimise the non-zc path in the stack instead
of implementing the zc logic for veth? It seems to me that it would be
quite feasible to apply the same optimisations (bulking, and even GRO)
to that path and achieve the same benefits, without having to add all
this complexity to the veth driver?

-Toke
  

Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com> 于2023年8月8日周二 20:01写道：
>
> Albert Huang <huangjie.albert@bytedance.com> writes:
>
> > AF_XDP is a kernel bypass technology that can greatly improve performance.
> > However,for virtual devices like veth,even with the use of AF_XDP sockets,
> > there are still many additional software paths that consume CPU resources.
> > This patch series focuses on optimizing the performance of AF_XDP sockets
> > for veth virtual devices. Patches 1 to 4 mainly involve preparatory work.
> > Patch 5 introduces tx queue and tx napi for packet transmission, while
> > patch 8 primarily implements batch sending for IPv4 UDP packets, and patch 9
> > add support for AF_XDP tx need_wakup feature. These optimizations significantly
> > reduce the software path and support checksum offload.
> >
> > I tested those feature with
> > A typical topology is shown below:
> > client(send):                                        server:(recv)
> > veth<-->veth-peer                                    veth1-peer<--->veth1
> >   1       |                                                  |   7
> >           |2                                                6|
> >           |                                                  |
> >         bridge<------->eth0(mlnx5)- switch -eth1(mlnx5)<--->bridge1
> >                   3                    4                 5
> >              (machine1)                              (machine2)
>
> I definitely applaud the effort to improve the performance of af_xdp
> over veth, this is something we have flagged as in need of improvement
> as well.
>
> However, looking through your patch series, I am less sure that the
> approach you're taking here is the right one.
>
> AFAIU (speaking about the TX side here), the main difference between
> AF_XDP ZC and the regular transmit mode is that in the regular TX mode
> the stack will allocate an skb to hold the frame and push that down the
> stack. Whereas in ZC mode, there's a driver NDO that gets called
> directly, bypassing the skb allocation entirely.
>
> In this series, you're implementing the ZC mode for veth, but the driver
> code ends up allocating an skb anyway. Which seems to be a bit of a
> weird midpoint between the two modes, and adds a lot of complexity to
> the driver that (at least conceptually) is mostly just a
> reimplementation of what the stack does in non-ZC mode (allocate an skb
> and push it through the stack).
>
> So my question is, why not optimise the non-zc path in the stack instead
> of implementing the zc logic for veth? It seems to me that it would be
> quite feasible to apply the same optimisations (bulking, and even GRO)
> to that path and achieve the same benefits, without having to add all
> this complexity to the veth driver?
>
> -Toke
>
thanks!
This idea is really good indeed. You've reminded me, and that's
something I overlooked. I will now consider implementing the solution
you've proposed and test the performance enhancement.

Albert.
  

黄杰 <huangjie.albert@bytedance.com> writes:

> Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com> 于2023年8月8日周二 20:01写道：
>>
>> Albert Huang <huangjie.albert@bytedance.com> writes:
>>
>> > AF_XDP is a kernel bypass technology that can greatly improve performance.
>> > However,for virtual devices like veth,even with the use of AF_XDP sockets,
>> > there are still many additional software paths that consume CPU resources.
>> > This patch series focuses on optimizing the performance of AF_XDP sockets
>> > for veth virtual devices. Patches 1 to 4 mainly involve preparatory work.
>> > Patch 5 introduces tx queue and tx napi for packet transmission, while
>> > patch 8 primarily implements batch sending for IPv4 UDP packets, and patch 9
>> > add support for AF_XDP tx need_wakup feature. These optimizations significantly
>> > reduce the software path and support checksum offload.
>> >
>> > I tested those feature with
>> > A typical topology is shown below:
>> > client(send):                                        server:(recv)
>> > veth<-->veth-peer                                    veth1-peer<--->veth1
>> >   1       |                                                  |   7
>> >           |2                                                6|
>> >           |                                                  |
>> >         bridge<------->eth0(mlnx5)- switch -eth1(mlnx5)<--->bridge1
>> >                   3                    4                 5
>> >              (machine1)                              (machine2)
>>
>> I definitely applaud the effort to improve the performance of af_xdp
>> over veth, this is something we have flagged as in need of improvement
>> as well.
>>
>> However, looking through your patch series, I am less sure that the
>> approach you're taking here is the right one.
>>
>> AFAIU (speaking about the TX side here), the main difference between
>> AF_XDP ZC and the regular transmit mode is that in the regular TX mode
>> the stack will allocate an skb to hold the frame and push that down the
>> stack. Whereas in ZC mode, there's a driver NDO that gets called
>> directly, bypassing the skb allocation entirely.
>>
>> In this series, you're implementing the ZC mode for veth, but the driver
>> code ends up allocating an skb anyway. Which seems to be a bit of a
>> weird midpoint between the two modes, and adds a lot of complexity to
>> the driver that (at least conceptually) is mostly just a
>> reimplementation of what the stack does in non-ZC mode (allocate an skb
>> and push it through the stack).
>>
>> So my question is, why not optimise the non-zc path in the stack instead
>> of implementing the zc logic for veth? It seems to me that it would be
>> quite feasible to apply the same optimisations (bulking, and even GRO)
>> to that path and achieve the same benefits, without having to add all
>> this complexity to the veth driver?
>>
>> -Toke
>>
> thanks!
> This idea is really good indeed. You've reminded me, and that's
> something I overlooked. I will now consider implementing the solution
> you've proposed and test the performance enhancement.

Sounds good, thanks! :)

-Toke
  

On 09/08/2023 11.06, Toke Høiland-Jørgensen wrote:
> 黄杰 <huangjie.albert@bytedance.com> writes:
> 
>> Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com> 于2023年8月8日周二 20:01写道：
>>>
>>> Albert Huang <huangjie.albert@bytedance.com> writes:
>>>
>>>> AF_XDP is a kernel bypass technology that can greatly improve performance.
>>>> However,for virtual devices like veth,even with the use of AF_XDP sockets,
>>>> there are still many additional software paths that consume CPU resources.
>>>> This patch series focuses on optimizing the performance of AF_XDP sockets
>>>> for veth virtual devices. Patches 1 to 4 mainly involve preparatory work.
>>>> Patch 5 introduces tx queue and tx napi for packet transmission, while
>>>> patch 8 primarily implements batch sending for IPv4 UDP packets, and patch 9
>>>> add support for AF_XDP tx need_wakup feature. These optimizations significantly
>>>> reduce the software path and support checksum offload.
>>>>
>>>> I tested those feature with
>>>> A typical topology is shown below:
>>>> client(send):                                        server:(recv)
>>>> veth<-->veth-peer                                    veth1-peer<--->veth1
>>>>    1       |                                                  |   7
>>>>            |2                                                6|
>>>>            |                                                  |
>>>>          bridge<------->eth0(mlnx5)- switch -eth1(mlnx5)<--->bridge1
>>>>                    3                    4                 5
>>>>               (machine1)                              (machine2)
>>>
>>> I definitely applaud the effort to improve the performance of af_xdp
>>> over veth, this is something we have flagged as in need of improvement
>>> as well.
>>>
>>> However, looking through your patch series, I am less sure that the
>>> approach you're taking here is the right one.
>>>
>>> AFAIU (speaking about the TX side here), the main difference between
>>> AF_XDP ZC and the regular transmit mode is that in the regular TX mode
>>> the stack will allocate an skb to hold the frame and push that down the
>>> stack. Whereas in ZC mode, there's a driver NDO that gets called
>>> directly, bypassing the skb allocation entirely.
>>>
>>> In this series, you're implementing the ZC mode for veth, but the driver
>>> code ends up allocating an skb anyway. Which seems to be a bit of a
>>> weird midpoint between the two modes, and adds a lot of complexity to
>>> the driver that (at least conceptually) is mostly just a
>>> reimplementation of what the stack does in non-ZC mode (allocate an skb
>>> and push it through the stack).
>>>
>>> So my question is, why not optimise the non-zc path in the stack instead
>>> of implementing the zc logic for veth? It seems to me that it would be
>>> quite feasible to apply the same optimisations (bulking, and even GRO)
>>> to that path and achieve the same benefits, without having to add all
>>> this complexity to the veth driver?
>>>
>>> -Toke
>>>
>> thanks!
>> This idea is really good indeed. You've reminded me, and that's
>> something I overlooked. I will now consider implementing the solution
>> you've proposed and test the performance enhancement.
> 
> Sounds good, thanks! :)

Good to hear, that you want to optimize the non-zc TX path of AF_XDP, as
Toke suggests.

There is a number of performance issues for AF_XDP non-zc TX that I've
talked/complained to Magnus and Bjørn about over the years.
I've recently started to work on fixing these myself, in collaboration
with Maryam (cc).

The most obvious is that non-zc TX uses socket memory accounting for the
SKBs that gets allocated. (ZC TX obviously doesn't).  IMHO this doesn't
make sense as AF_XDP concept is to pre-allocate memory, thus AF_XDP
memory limits are already bounded at setup time.  Further more,
__xsk_generic_xmit() already have a backpressure mechanism based on
avail room in the CQ (Completion Queue) .  Hint: the call
sock_alloc_send_skb() includes/does socket mem accounting.

When AF_XDP gets combined with veth (or other layered software devices),
the problem gets worse, because:

  (1) the SKB that gets allocated by xsk_build_skb() doesn't have enough
      headroom to satisfy XDP requirement XDP_PACKET_HEADROOM.

  (2) the backing memory type from sock_alloc_send_skb() is not
      compatible with generic/veth XDP.

Both these issues, result in that when peer veth device RX the (AF_XDP)
TX packet, then it have to reallocate memory+SKB and copy data *again*.

I'm currently[1] looking into how to fix this and have some PoC patches
to estimate the performance benefit from avoiding the realloc when
entering veth.  With packet size 512, the numbers start at 828Kpps and
after increase to 1002Kpps (and increase of 20% or 208 nanosec).

  [1] 
https://github.com/xdp-project/xdp-project/blob/veth-benchmark01/areas/core/veth_benchmark03.org

--
Best regards,
   Jesper Dangaard Brouer
   MSc.CS, Sr. Principal Kernel Engineer at Red Hat
   LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/brouer