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[2620:137:e000::1:20]) by mx.google.com with ESMTP id y21-20020a634b15000000b0055af0729456si18555155pga.399.2023.07.05.11.18.44; Wed, 05 Jul 2023 11:18:59 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 2620:137:e000::1:20 as permitted sender) client-ip=2620:137:e000::1:20; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; dkim=pass header.i=@redhat.com header.s=mimecast20190719 header.b=Z5e4kM4M; spf=pass (google.com: domain of linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 2620:137:e000::1:20 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=NONE sp=NONE dis=NONE) header.from=redhat.com Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S231366AbjGESQ1 (ORCPT + 99 others); Wed, 5 Jul 2023 14:16:27 -0400 Received: from lindbergh.monkeyblade.net ([23.128.96.19]:43448 "EHLO lindbergh.monkeyblade.net" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S231286AbjGESQZ (ORCPT ); Wed, 5 Jul 2023 14:16:25 -0400 Received: from us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com (us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com [170.10.133.124]) by lindbergh.monkeyblade.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 9435D1981 for ; Wed, 5 Jul 2023 11:15:42 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=redhat.com; s=mimecast20190719; t=1688580941; h=from:from:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date:message-id:message-id: to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding; bh=SG6L3dp9605PexKsHPw83zB2kthmZFHytF62UPgGYE8=; b=Z5e4kM4MPXaOtmi8OfCYF1ayyI2c1kPDeAbW9zrT9R1Is4VlmyEFqQzuLvK0I/irXr8A/i h5UGzg8ZYI9H1SUV+We/K+o95PxBsSC91gHkxyC4bLoyxf66ianUC3VIY7Aq0LeFskogSi atVppXukXfpReNLBPuoxwetj/nEb5LU= Received: from mimecast-mx02.redhat.com (mimecast-mx02.redhat.com [66.187.233.88]) by relay.mimecast.com with ESMTP with STARTTLS (version=TLSv1.2, cipher=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384) id us-mta-178-Pcw8oDbdNOmZLprASWcRKg-1; Wed, 05 Jul 2023 14:15:40 -0400 X-MC-Unique: Pcw8oDbdNOmZLprASWcRKg-1 Received: from smtp.corp.redhat.com (int-mx05.intmail.prod.int.rdu2.redhat.com [10.11.54.5]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher AECDH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mimecast-mx02.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id CCE6880269A; Wed, 5 Jul 2023 18:15:37 +0000 (UTC) Received: from vschneid.remote.csb (unknown [10.42.28.164]) by smtp.corp.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id D85AD18EB4; Wed, 5 Jul 2023 18:15:31 +0000 (UTC) From: Valentin Schneider To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-trace-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, kvm@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, bpf@vger.kernel.org, x86@kernel.org Cc: Steven Rostedt , Masami Hiramatsu , Jonathan Corbet , Thomas Gleixner , Ingo Molnar , Borislav Petkov , Dave Hansen , "H. Peter Anvin" , Paolo Bonzini , Wanpeng Li , Vitaly Kuznetsov , Andy Lutomirski , Peter Zijlstra , Frederic Weisbecker , "Paul E. McKenney" , Andrew Morton , Uladzislau Rezki , Christoph Hellwig , Lorenzo Stoakes , Josh Poimboeuf , Kees Cook , Sami Tolvanen , Ard Biesheuvel , Nicholas Piggin , Juerg Haefliger , Nicolas Saenz Julienne , "Kirill A. Shutemov" , Nadav Amit , Dan Carpenter , Chuang Wang , Yang Jihong , Petr Mladek , "Jason A. Donenfeld" , Song Liu , Julian Pidancet , Tom Lendacky , Dionna Glaze , =?utf-8?q?Thomas_Wei=C3=9Fschuh?= , Juri Lelli , Daniel Bristot de Oliveira , Marcelo Tosatti , Yair Podemsky Subject: [RFC PATCH 00/14] context_tracking,x86: Defer some IPIs until a user->kernel transition Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2023 19:12:42 +0100 Message-Id: <20230705181256.3539027-1-vschneid@redhat.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 3.1 on 10.11.54.5 X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.1 required=5.0 tests=BAYES_00,DKIMWL_WL_HIGH, DKIM_SIGNED,DKIM_VALID,DKIM_VALID_AU,DKIM_VALID_EF,RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H4,RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_WL,SPF_HELO_NONE,SPF_NONE, T_SCC_BODY_TEXT_LINE,URIBL_BLOCKED autolearn=unavailable autolearn_force=no version=3.4.6 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.6 (2021-04-09) on lindbergh.monkeyblade.net Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org X-getmail-retrieved-from-mailbox: =?utf-8?q?INBOX?= X-GMAIL-THRID: =?utf-8?q?1770605657011418793?= X-GMAIL-MSGID: =?utf-8?q?1770605657011418793?= Context ======= We've observed within Red Hat that isolated, NOHZ_FULL CPUs running a pure-userspace application get regularly interrupted by IPIs sent from housekeeping CPUs. Those IPIs are caused by activity on the housekeeping CPUs leading to various on_each_cpu() calls, e.g.: 64359.052209596 NetworkManager 0 1405 smp_call_function_many_cond (cpu=0, func=do_kernel_range_flush) smp_call_function_many_cond+0x1 smp_call_function+0x39 on_each_cpu+0x2a flush_tlb_kernel_range+0x7b __purge_vmap_area_lazy+0x70 _vm_unmap_aliases.part.42+0xdf change_page_attr_set_clr+0x16a set_memory_ro+0x26 bpf_int_jit_compile+0x2f9 bpf_prog_select_runtime+0xc6 bpf_prepare_filter+0x523 sk_attach_filter+0x13 sock_setsockopt+0x92c __sys_setsockopt+0x16a __x64_sys_setsockopt+0x20 do_syscall_64+0x87 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x65 The heart of this series is the thought that while we cannot remove NOHZ_FULL CPUs from the list of CPUs targeted by these IPIs, they may not have to execute the callbacks immediately. Anything that only affects kernelspace can wait until the next user->kernel transition, providing it can be executed "early enough" in the entry code. The original implementation is from Peter [1]. Nicolas then added kernel TLB invalidation deferral to that [2], and I picked it up from there. Deferral approach ================= Storing each and every callback, like a secondary call_single_queue turned out to be a no-go: the whole point of deferral is to keep NOHZ_FULL CPUs in userspace for as long as possible - no signal of any form would be sent when deferring an IPI. This means that any form of queuing for deferred callbacks would end up as a convoluted memory leak. Deferred IPIs must thus be coalesced, which this series achieves by assigning IPIs a "type" and having a mapping of IPI type to callback, leveraged upon kernel entry. What about IPIs whose callback take a parameter, you may ask? Peter suggested during OSPM23 [3] that since on_each_cpu() targets housekeeping CPUs *and* isolated CPUs, isolated CPUs can access either global or housekeeping-CPU-local state to "reconstruct" the data that would have been sent via the IPI. This series does not affect any IPI callback that requires an argument, but the approach would remain the same (one coalescable callback executed on kernel entry). Kernel entry vs execution of the deferred operation =================================================== There is a non-zero length of code that is executed upon kernel entry before the deferred operation can be itself executed (i.e. before we start getting into context_tracking.c proper). This means one must take extra care to what can happen in the early entry code, and that cannot happen. For instance, we really don't want to hit instructions that have been modified by a remote text_poke() while we're on our way to execute a deferred sync_core(). Patches ======= o Patches 1-5 have been submitted previously and are included for the sake of testing o Patches 6-10 focus on having objtool detect problematic static key usage in early entry The context_tracking_key one causes a page_fault_oops() on my RHEL userspace due to the KVM module, cf. changelog. o Patch 11 adds the infrastructure for IPI deferral. o Patch 12 adds text_poke() IPI deferral. This one I'm fairly confident about, we "just" need to do something about the __ro_after_init key vs module loading issue. o Patches 13-14 add vunmap() flush_tlb_kernel_range() IPI deferral These ones I'm a lot less confident about, mostly due to lacking instrumentation/verification. The actual deferred callback is also incomplete as it's not properly noinstr: vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: __flush_tlb_all_noinstr+0x19: call to native_write_cr4() leaves .noinstr.text section and it doesn't support PARAVIRT - it's going to need a pv_ops.mmu entry, but I have *no idea* what a sane implementation would be for Xen so I haven't touched that yet. Patches are also available at: https://gitlab.com/vschneid/linux.git -b redhat/isolirq/defer/v1 Testing ======= Xeon Platinum 8380 system with SMToff, NOHZ_FULL, isolated CPUs. RHEL9 userspace. Workload is using rteval (kernel compilation + hackbench) on housekeeping CPUs and a dummy stay-in-userspace loop on the isolated CPUs. The main invocation is: $ trace-cmd record -e "ipi_send_cpumask" -f "cpumask & MASK{$ISOL_CPUS}" \ -e "ipi_send_cpu" -f "cpu & MASK{$ISOL_CPUS}" \ rteval --onlyload --loads-cpulist=$HK_CPUS \ --hackbench-runlowmem=True --duration=$DURATION This only records IPIs sent to isolated CPUs, so any event there is interference (with a bit of fuzz at the start/end of the workload when spawning the processes). All tests were done with a duration of 20 minutes. v6.4 (+ cpumask filtering patches): $ trace-cmd report | grep callback | awk '{ print $NF }' | sort | uniq -c 236 callback=do_flush_tlb_all+0x0 576 callback=do_sync_core+0x0 814 callback=generic_smp_call_function_single_interrupt+0x0 309 callback=nohz_full_kick_func+0x0 v6.4 + patches: $ trace-cmd report | grep callback | awk '{ print $NF }' | sort | uniq -c 22 callback=do_flush_tlb_all+0x0 24 callback=generic_smp_call_function_single_interrupt+0x0 307 callback=nohz_full_kick_func+0x0 o IPIs from instruction patching are entirely gone. o Some TLB flushes remain as I only patched the vunmap cases: kworker/2:0-13856 [002] 3517.445719: ipi_send_cpumask: cpumask=0-1,3-79 callsite=on_each_cpu_cond_mask+0x20 callback=do_flush_tlb_all+0x0 kworker/2:0-13856 [002] 3517.445722: kernel_stack: => trace_event_raw_event_ipi_send_cpumask (ffffffffa974a050) => smp_call_function_many_cond (ffffffffa97fb0a7) => on_each_cpu_cond_mask (ffffffffa97fb1f0) => pcpu_reclaim_populated (ffffffffa996b451) => pcpu_balance_workfn (ffffffffa996c399) => process_one_work (ffffffffa9730e14) => worker_thread (ffffffffa9731440) => kthread (ffffffffa973984e) o The nohz_full_kick_func() ones seem to come from the dev_watchdog() but are anyway consistent across revisions <...>-3734 [042] 392.890491: ipi_send_cpu: cpu=42 callsite=irq_work_queue_on+0x77 callback=nohz_full_kick_func+0x0 <...>-3734 [042] 392.890497: kernel_stack: => trace_event_raw_event_ipi_send_cpu (ffffffff901492d8) => __irq_work_queue_local (ffffffff902acb3d) => irq_work_queue_on (ffffffff902acc47) => __mod_timer (ffffffff901dcd81) => dev_watchdog (ffffffff90a75310) => call_timer_fn (ffffffff901dc174) => __run_timers.part.0 (ffffffff901dc47e) => run_timer_softirq (ffffffff901dc546) => __do_softirq (ffffffff90c52348) => __irq_exit_rcu (ffffffff90113329) => sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt (ffffffff90c3c895) => asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt (ffffffff90e00d86) Acknowledgements ================ Special thanks to: o Clark Williams for listening to my ramblings about this and throwing ideas my way o Josh Poimboeuf for his guidance regarding objtool and hinting at the .data..ro_after_init section. Links ===== [1]: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20210929151723.162004989@infradead.org/ [2]: https://github.com/vianpl/linux.git -b ct-work-defer-wip [3]: https://youtu.be/0vjE6fjoVVE Valentin Schneider (14): tracing/filters: Dynamically allocate filter_pred.regex tracing/filters: Enable filtering a cpumask field by another cpumask tracing/filters: Enable filtering a scalar field by a cpumask tracing/filters: Enable filtering the CPU common field by a cpumask tracing/filters: Document cpumask filtering objtool: Flesh out warning related to pv_ops[] calls objtool: Warn about non __ro_after_init static key usage in .noinstr BROKEN: context_tracking: Make context_tracking_key __ro_after_init x86/kvm: Make kvm_async_pf_enabled __ro_after_init x86/sev-es: Make sev_es_enable_key __ro_after_init context-tracking: Introduce work deferral infrastructure context_tracking,x86: Defer kernel text patching IPIs context_tracking,x86: Add infrastructure to defer kernel TLBI x86/mm, mm/vmalloc: Defer flush_tlb_kernel_range() targeting NOHZ_FULL CPUs Documentation/trace/events.rst | 14 ++ arch/Kconfig | 9 + arch/x86/Kconfig | 1 + arch/x86/include/asm/context_tracking_work.h | 20 ++ arch/x86/include/asm/text-patching.h | 1 + arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h | 2 + arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c | 24 +- arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/core.c | 4 +- arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/opt.c | 4 +- arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c | 2 +- arch/x86/kernel/module.c | 2 +- arch/x86/kernel/sev.c | 2 +- arch/x86/mm/tlb.c | 40 +++- include/linux/context_tracking.h | 1 + include/linux/context_tracking_state.h | 1 + include/linux/context_tracking_work.h | 30 +++ include/linux/trace_events.h | 1 + kernel/context_tracking.c | 65 +++++- kernel/time/Kconfig | 5 + kernel/trace/trace_events_filter.c | 228 ++++++++++++++++--- mm/vmalloc.c | 15 +- tools/objtool/check.c | 22 +- tools/objtool/include/objtool/check.h | 1 + tools/objtool/include/objtool/special.h | 2 + tools/objtool/special.c | 3 + 25 files changed, 451 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-) create mode 100644 arch/x86/include/asm/context_tracking_work.h create mode 100644 include/linux/context_tracking_work.h --- 2.31.1