[v3] c++: P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions [PR106649]

Message ID Y3UKmGtHHRaNahjM@redhat.com
State Accepted
Headers
Series [v3] c++: P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions [PR106649] |

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snail/gcc-patch-check success Github commit url

Commit Message

Marek Polacek Nov. 16, 2022, 4:06 p.m. UTC
  On Wed, Nov 16, 2022 at 08:41:53AM -0500, Jason Merrill wrote:
> On 11/15/22 19:30, Marek Polacek wrote:
> > @@ -996,19 +1040,26 @@ register_constexpr_fundef (const constexpr_fundef &value)
> >     **slot = value;
> >   }
> > -/* FUN is a non-constexpr function called in a context that requires a
> > -   constant expression.  If it comes from a constexpr template, explain why
> > -   the instantiation isn't constexpr.  */
> > +/* FUN is a non-constexpr (or, with -Wno-invalid-constexpr, a constexpr
> > +   function called in a context that requires a constant expression).
> > +   If it comes from a constexpr template, explain why the instantiation
> > +   isn't constexpr.  */
> 
> The "if it comes from a constexpr template" wording has needed an update for
> a while now.

Probably ever since r178519.  I've added "Otherwise, explain why the function
cannot be used in a constexpr context."  Is that acceptable?
 
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C
> > @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
> > +// PR c++/106649
> > +// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
> > +// { dg-do compile { target c++23 } }
> > +// { dg-options "-Winvalid-constexpr" }
> > +// A copy/move assignment operator for a class X that is defaulted and
> > +// not defined as deleted is implicitly defined when it is odr-used,
> > +// when it is needed for constant evaluation, or when it is explicitly
> > +// defaulted after its first declaration.
> > +// The implicitly-defined copy/move assignment operator is constexpr.
> > +
> > +struct S {
> > +  constexpr S() {}
> > +  S& operator=(const S&) = default; // #1
> > +  S& operator=(S&&) = default; // #2
> > +};
> > +
> > +struct U {
> > +  constexpr U& operator=(const U&) = default;
> > +  constexpr U& operator=(U&&) = default;
> > +};
> > +
> > +/* FIXME: If we only declare #1 and #2, and default them here:
> > +
> > +   S& S::operator=(const S&) = default;
> > +   S& S::operator=(S&&) = default;
> > +
> > +then they aren't constexpr.  This sounds like a bug:
> > +<https://gcc.gnu.org/PR107598>.  */
> 
> As I commented on the PR, I don't think this is actually a bug, so let's
> omit this FIXME.

I'm glad I didn't really attempt to "fix" it (the inform message is flawed
and should be improved).  Thanks for taking a look.

Here's a version with the two comments updated.

Ok?

-- >8 --
This patch implements C++23 P2448, which lifts more restrictions on the
constexpr keyword.  It's effectively going the way of being just a hint
(hello, inline!).

This gist is relatively simple: in C++23, a constexpr function's return
type/parameter type doesn't have to be a literal type; and you can have
a constexpr function for which no invocation satisfies the requirements
of a core constant expression.  For example,

  void f(int& i); // not constexpr

  constexpr void g(int& i) {
    f(i); // unconditionally calls a non-constexpr function
  }

is now OK, even though there isn't an invocation of 'g' that would be
a constant expression.  Maybe 'f' will be made constexpr soon, or maybe
this depends on the version of C++ used, and similar.  The patch is
unfortunately not that trivial.  The important bit is to use the new
require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck in
maybe_save_constexpr_fundef (and where appropriate).  It has a new flag
that says that we're checking the body of a constexpr function, and in
that case it's OK to find constructs that aren't a constant expression.

Since it's useful to be able to check for problematic constructs even
in C++23, this patch implements a new warning, -Winvalid-constexpr,
which is a pedwarn turned on by default in C++20 and earlier, and which
can be turned on in C++23 as well, in which case it's an ordinary warning.
This I implemented by using the new function constexpr_error, used in
p_c_e_1 and friends.  (In some cases I believe fundef_p will be always
false (= hard error), but it made sense to me to be consistent and use
constexpr_error throughout p_c_e_1.)

While working on this I think I found a bug, see constexpr-nonlit15.C
and <https://gcc.gnu.org/PR107598>.  This patch doesn't address that.

This patch includes changes to diagnose the problem if the user doesn't
use -Winvalid-constexpr and calls a constexpr function that in fact isn't
constexpr-ready yet: maybe_save_constexpr_fundef registers the function
if warn_invalid_constexpr is 0 and explain_invalid_constexpr_fn then
gives the diagnostic.

	PR c++/106649

gcc/c-family/ChangeLog:

	* c-cppbuiltin.cc (c_cpp_builtins): Update value of __cpp_constexpr for
	C++23.
	* c-opts.cc (c_common_post_options): Set warn_invalid_constexpr
	depending on cxx_dialect.
	* c.opt (Winvalid-constexpr): New option.

gcc/cp/ChangeLog:

	* constexpr.cc (constexpr_error): New function.
	(is_valid_constexpr_fn): Use constexpr_error.
	(maybe_save_constexpr_fundef): Call
	require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck rather than
	require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression.  Register the
	function if -Wno-invalid-constexpr was specified.
	(explain_invalid_constexpr_fn): Don't return early if a function marked
	'constexpr' that isn't actually a constant expression was called.
	(non_const_var_error): Add a bool parameter.  Use constexpr_error.
	(inline_asm_in_constexpr_error): Likewise.
	(cxx_eval_constant_expression): Adjust calls to non_const_var_error
	and inline_asm_in_constexpr_error.
	(potential_constant_expression_1): Add a bool parameter.  Use
	constexpr_error.
	(require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck): New function.
	* cp-tree.h (require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck):
	Declare.
	* method.cc (struct comp_info): Call
	require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck rather than
	require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression.

gcc/ChangeLog:

	* doc/invoke.texi: Document -Winvalid-constexpr.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ctor2.C: Expect an error in c++20_down only.
	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-default-ctor.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-diag3.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-friend.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-generated1.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice5.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice6.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-memfn1.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-neg2.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-non-const-arg.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-reinterpret1.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp0x/pr65327.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-105050.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285-2.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89785-2.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-neg1.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-nsdmi7b.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-throw.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit3.C: Remove dg-error.
	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit6.C: Call the test functions.
	* g++.dg/cpp23/feat-cxx2b.C: Adjust the expected value of
	__cpp_constexpr.
	* g++.dg/cpp2a/consteval3.C: Remove dg-error.
	* g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-new7.C: Expect an error in c++20_down only.
	* g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-try5.C: Remove dg-error.
	* g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-constexpr1.C: Expect an error in c++20_down
	only.
	* g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/diagnostic/constexpr1.C: Remove dg-error.
	* g++.dg/gomp/pr79664.C: Use -Winvalid-constexpr -pedantic-errors.
	* g++.dg/ubsan/vptr-4.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit12.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit13.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit14.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit16.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit8.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit9.C: New test.
---
 gcc/c-family/c-cppbuiltin.cc                  |   2 +-
 gcc/c-family/c-opts.cc                        |   4 +
 gcc/c-family/c.opt                            |   4 +
 gcc/cp/constexpr.cc                           | 299 ++++++++++++------
 gcc/cp/cp-tree.h                              |   1 +
 gcc/cp/method.cc                              |   8 +-
 gcc/doc/invoke.texi                           |  28 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ctor2.C  |   2 +-
 .../g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-default-ctor.C     |   6 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-diag3.C  |   2 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C    |   3 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-friend.C |   2 +-
 .../g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-generated1.C       |   2 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice5.C   |   2 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice6.C   |   4 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-memfn1.C |   4 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-neg2.C   |   4 +-
 .../g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-non-const-arg.C    |   2 +-
 .../g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-reinterpret1.C     |   2 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/pr65327.C          |   2 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-105050.C |   2 +-
 .../g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285-2.C          |   2 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285.C  |   2 +-
 .../g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89785-2.C          |   4 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-neg1.C   |   2 +-
 .../g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-nsdmi7b.C          |   2 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-throw.C  |   6 +-
 .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C         |  96 ++++++
 .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C         |  53 ++++
 .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit12.C         |  24 ++
 .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit13.C         |  14 +
 .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit14.C         |  26 ++
 .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C         |  35 ++
 .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit16.C         |  23 ++
 .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit3.C          |   2 +-
 .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit6.C          |  13 +-
 .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit8.C          |  96 ++++++
 .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit9.C          |  53 ++++
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/feat-cxx2b.C       |   4 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/consteval3.C       |   1 -
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-new7.C   |   4 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-try5.C   |   2 -
 .../g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-constexpr1.C       |   2 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C    |   4 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/diagnostic/constexpr1.C  |   2 -
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/gomp/pr79664.C           |   2 +-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/ubsan/vptr-4.C           |   2 +-
 47 files changed, 715 insertions(+), 146 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit12.C
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit13.C
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit14.C
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit16.C
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit8.C
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit9.C


base-commit: 7026d0455dce1092975d4884f450a12a6ed205c7
  

Comments

Jason Merrill Nov. 16, 2022, 8:27 p.m. UTC | #1
On 11/16/22 11:06, Marek Polacek wrote:
> On Wed, Nov 16, 2022 at 08:41:53AM -0500, Jason Merrill wrote:
>> On 11/15/22 19:30, Marek Polacek wrote:
>>> @@ -996,19 +1040,26 @@ register_constexpr_fundef (const constexpr_fundef &value)
>>>      **slot = value;
>>>    }
>>> -/* FUN is a non-constexpr function called in a context that requires a
>>> -   constant expression.  If it comes from a constexpr template, explain why
>>> -   the instantiation isn't constexpr.  */
>>> +/* FUN is a non-constexpr (or, with -Wno-invalid-constexpr, a constexpr
>>> +   function called in a context that requires a constant expression).
>>> +   If it comes from a constexpr template, explain why the instantiation
>>> +   isn't constexpr.  */
>>
>> The "if it comes from a constexpr template" wording has needed an update for
>> a while now.
> 
> Probably ever since r178519.  I've added "Otherwise, explain why the function
> cannot be used in a constexpr context."  Is that acceptable?
>   
>>> --- /dev/null
>>> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C
>>> @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
>>> +// PR c++/106649
>>> +// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
>>> +// { dg-do compile { target c++23 } }
>>> +// { dg-options "-Winvalid-constexpr" }
>>> +// A copy/move assignment operator for a class X that is defaulted and
>>> +// not defined as deleted is implicitly defined when it is odr-used,
>>> +// when it is needed for constant evaluation, or when it is explicitly
>>> +// defaulted after its first declaration.
>>> +// The implicitly-defined copy/move assignment operator is constexpr.
>>> +
>>> +struct S {
>>> +  constexpr S() {}
>>> +  S& operator=(const S&) = default; // #1
>>> +  S& operator=(S&&) = default; // #2
>>> +};
>>> +
>>> +struct U {
>>> +  constexpr U& operator=(const U&) = default;
>>> +  constexpr U& operator=(U&&) = default;
>>> +};
>>> +
>>> +/* FIXME: If we only declare #1 and #2, and default them here:
>>> +
>>> +   S& S::operator=(const S&) = default;
>>> +   S& S::operator=(S&&) = default;
>>> +
>>> +then they aren't constexpr.  This sounds like a bug:
>>> +<https://gcc.gnu.org/PR107598>.  */
>>
>> As I commented on the PR, I don't think this is actually a bug, so let's
>> omit this FIXME.
> 
> I'm glad I didn't really attempt to "fix" it (the inform message is flawed
> and should be improved).  Thanks for taking a look.
> 
> Here's a version with the two comments updated.
> 
> Ok?

OK.

> -- >8 --
> This patch implements C++23 P2448, which lifts more restrictions on the
> constexpr keyword.  It's effectively going the way of being just a hint
> (hello, inline!).
> 
> This gist is relatively simple: in C++23, a constexpr function's return
> type/parameter type doesn't have to be a literal type; and you can have
> a constexpr function for which no invocation satisfies the requirements
> of a core constant expression.  For example,
> 
>    void f(int& i); // not constexpr
> 
>    constexpr void g(int& i) {
>      f(i); // unconditionally calls a non-constexpr function
>    }
> 
> is now OK, even though there isn't an invocation of 'g' that would be
> a constant expression.  Maybe 'f' will be made constexpr soon, or maybe
> this depends on the version of C++ used, and similar.  The patch is
> unfortunately not that trivial.  The important bit is to use the new
> require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck in
> maybe_save_constexpr_fundef (and where appropriate).  It has a new flag
> that says that we're checking the body of a constexpr function, and in
> that case it's OK to find constructs that aren't a constant expression.
> 
> Since it's useful to be able to check for problematic constructs even
> in C++23, this patch implements a new warning, -Winvalid-constexpr,
> which is a pedwarn turned on by default in C++20 and earlier, and which
> can be turned on in C++23 as well, in which case it's an ordinary warning.
> This I implemented by using the new function constexpr_error, used in
> p_c_e_1 and friends.  (In some cases I believe fundef_p will be always
> false (= hard error), but it made sense to me to be consistent and use
> constexpr_error throughout p_c_e_1.)
> 
> While working on this I think I found a bug, see constexpr-nonlit15.C
> and <https://gcc.gnu.org/PR107598>.  This patch doesn't address that.
> 
> This patch includes changes to diagnose the problem if the user doesn't
> use -Winvalid-constexpr and calls a constexpr function that in fact isn't
> constexpr-ready yet: maybe_save_constexpr_fundef registers the function
> if warn_invalid_constexpr is 0 and explain_invalid_constexpr_fn then
> gives the diagnostic.
> 
> 	PR c++/106649
> 
> gcc/c-family/ChangeLog:
> 
> 	* c-cppbuiltin.cc (c_cpp_builtins): Update value of __cpp_constexpr for
> 	C++23.
> 	* c-opts.cc (c_common_post_options): Set warn_invalid_constexpr
> 	depending on cxx_dialect.
> 	* c.opt (Winvalid-constexpr): New option.
> 
> gcc/cp/ChangeLog:
> 
> 	* constexpr.cc (constexpr_error): New function.
> 	(is_valid_constexpr_fn): Use constexpr_error.
> 	(maybe_save_constexpr_fundef): Call
> 	require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck rather than
> 	require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression.  Register the
> 	function if -Wno-invalid-constexpr was specified.
> 	(explain_invalid_constexpr_fn): Don't return early if a function marked
> 	'constexpr' that isn't actually a constant expression was called.
> 	(non_const_var_error): Add a bool parameter.  Use constexpr_error.
> 	(inline_asm_in_constexpr_error): Likewise.
> 	(cxx_eval_constant_expression): Adjust calls to non_const_var_error
> 	and inline_asm_in_constexpr_error.
> 	(potential_constant_expression_1): Add a bool parameter.  Use
> 	constexpr_error.
> 	(require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck): New function.
> 	* cp-tree.h (require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck):
> 	Declare.
> 	* method.cc (struct comp_info): Call
> 	require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck rather than
> 	require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression.
> 
> gcc/ChangeLog:
> 
> 	* doc/invoke.texi: Document -Winvalid-constexpr.
> 
> gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:
> 
> 	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ctor2.C: Expect an error in c++20_down only.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-default-ctor.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-diag3.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-friend.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-generated1.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice5.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice6.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-memfn1.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-neg2.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-non-const-arg.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-reinterpret1.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp0x/pr65327.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-105050.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285-2.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89785-2.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-neg1.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-nsdmi7b.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-throw.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit3.C: Remove dg-error.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit6.C: Call the test functions.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp23/feat-cxx2b.C: Adjust the expected value of
> 	__cpp_constexpr.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp2a/consteval3.C: Remove dg-error.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-new7.C: Expect an error in c++20_down only.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-try5.C: Remove dg-error.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-constexpr1.C: Expect an error in c++20_down
> 	only.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/diagnostic/constexpr1.C: Remove dg-error.
> 	* g++.dg/gomp/pr79664.C: Use -Winvalid-constexpr -pedantic-errors.
> 	* g++.dg/ubsan/vptr-4.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C: New test.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C: New test.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit12.C: New test.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit13.C: New test.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit14.C: New test.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C: New test.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit16.C: New test.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit8.C: New test.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit9.C: New test.
> ---
>   gcc/c-family/c-cppbuiltin.cc                  |   2 +-
>   gcc/c-family/c-opts.cc                        |   4 +
>   gcc/c-family/c.opt                            |   4 +
>   gcc/cp/constexpr.cc                           | 299 ++++++++++++------
>   gcc/cp/cp-tree.h                              |   1 +
>   gcc/cp/method.cc                              |   8 +-
>   gcc/doc/invoke.texi                           |  28 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ctor2.C  |   2 +-
>   .../g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-default-ctor.C     |   6 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-diag3.C  |   2 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C    |   3 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-friend.C |   2 +-
>   .../g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-generated1.C       |   2 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice5.C   |   2 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice6.C   |   4 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-memfn1.C |   4 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-neg2.C   |   4 +-
>   .../g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-non-const-arg.C    |   2 +-
>   .../g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-reinterpret1.C     |   2 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/pr65327.C          |   2 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-105050.C |   2 +-
>   .../g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285-2.C          |   2 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285.C  |   2 +-
>   .../g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89785-2.C          |   4 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-neg1.C   |   2 +-
>   .../g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-nsdmi7b.C          |   2 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-throw.C  |   6 +-
>   .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C         |  96 ++++++
>   .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C         |  53 ++++
>   .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit12.C         |  24 ++
>   .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit13.C         |  14 +
>   .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit14.C         |  26 ++
>   .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C         |  35 ++
>   .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit16.C         |  23 ++
>   .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit3.C          |   2 +-
>   .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit6.C          |  13 +-
>   .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit8.C          |  96 ++++++
>   .../g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit9.C          |  53 ++++
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/feat-cxx2b.C       |   4 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/consteval3.C       |   1 -
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-new7.C   |   4 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-try5.C   |   2 -
>   .../g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-constexpr1.C       |   2 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C    |   4 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/diagnostic/constexpr1.C  |   2 -
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/gomp/pr79664.C           |   2 +-
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/ubsan/vptr-4.C           |   2 +-
>   47 files changed, 715 insertions(+), 146 deletions(-)
>   create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C
>   create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C
>   create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit12.C
>   create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit13.C
>   create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit14.C
>   create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C
>   create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit16.C
>   create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit8.C
>   create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit9.C
> 
> diff --git a/gcc/c-family/c-cppbuiltin.cc b/gcc/c-family/c-cppbuiltin.cc
> index f0be0598190..26447d02097 100644
> --- a/gcc/c-family/c-cppbuiltin.cc
> +++ b/gcc/c-family/c-cppbuiltin.cc
> @@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ c_cpp_builtins (cpp_reader *pfile)
>   	  /* Set feature test macros for C++23.  */
>   	  cpp_define (pfile, "__cpp_size_t_suffix=202011L");
>   	  cpp_define (pfile, "__cpp_if_consteval=202106L");
> -	  cpp_define (pfile, "__cpp_constexpr=202110L");
> +	  cpp_define (pfile, "__cpp_constexpr=202207L");
>   	  cpp_define (pfile, "__cpp_multidimensional_subscript=202211L");
>   	  cpp_define (pfile, "__cpp_named_character_escapes=202207L");
>   	  cpp_define (pfile, "__cpp_static_call_operator=202207L");
> diff --git a/gcc/c-family/c-opts.cc b/gcc/c-family/c-opts.cc
> index bc1f85e3b85..70745aa4e7c 100644
> --- a/gcc/c-family/c-opts.cc
> +++ b/gcc/c-family/c-opts.cc
> @@ -1059,6 +1059,10 @@ c_common_post_options (const char **pfilename)
>     if (flag_sized_deallocation == -1)
>       flag_sized_deallocation = (cxx_dialect >= cxx14);
>   
> +  /* Pedwarn about invalid constexpr functions before C++23.  */
> +  if (warn_invalid_constexpr == -1)
> +    warn_invalid_constexpr = (cxx_dialect < cxx23);
> +
>     /* char8_t support is implicitly enabled in C++20 and C2X.  */
>     if (flag_char8_t == -1)
>       flag_char8_t = (cxx_dialect >= cxx20) || flag_isoc2x;
> diff --git a/gcc/c-family/c.opt b/gcc/c-family/c.opt
> index 63a300ecd7c..3daeab85531 100644
> --- a/gcc/c-family/c.opt
> +++ b/gcc/c-family/c.opt
> @@ -817,6 +817,10 @@ Wint-to-pointer-cast
>   C ObjC C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_int_to_pointer_cast) Init(1) Warning
>   Warn when there is a cast to a pointer from an integer of a different size.
>   
> +Winvalid-constexpr
> +C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_invalid_constexpr) Init(-1) Warning
> +Warn when a function never produces a constant expression.
> +
>   Winvalid-offsetof
>   C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_invalid_offsetof) Init(1) Warning
>   Warn about invalid uses of the \"offsetof\" macro.
> diff --git a/gcc/cp/constexpr.cc b/gcc/cp/constexpr.cc
> index e665839f5b1..a390cf921f3 100644
> --- a/gcc/cp/constexpr.cc
> +++ b/gcc/cp/constexpr.cc
> @@ -139,6 +139,42 @@ ensure_literal_type_for_constexpr_object (tree decl)
>     return decl;
>   }
>   
> +/* Issue a diagnostic with text GMSGID for constructs that are invalid in
> +   constexpr functions.  CONSTEXPR_FUNDEF_P is true if we're checking
> +   a constexpr function body; if so, don't report hard errors and issue
> +   a pedwarn pre-C++23, or a warning in C++23, if requested by
> +   -Winvalid-constexpr.  Otherwise, we're not in the context where we are
> +   checking if a function can be marked 'constexpr', so give a hard error.  */
> +
> +ATTRIBUTE_GCC_DIAG(3,4)
> +static bool
> +constexpr_error (location_t location, bool constexpr_fundef_p,
> +		 const char *gmsgid, ...)
> +{
> +  diagnostic_info diagnostic;
> +  va_list ap;
> +  rich_location richloc (line_table, location);
> +  va_start (ap, gmsgid);
> +  bool ret;
> +  if (!constexpr_fundef_p)
> +    {
> +      /* Report an error that cannot be suppressed.  */
> +      diagnostic_set_info (&diagnostic, gmsgid, &ap, &richloc, DK_ERROR);
> +      ret = diagnostic_report_diagnostic (global_dc, &diagnostic);
> +    }
> +  else if (warn_invalid_constexpr)
> +    {
> +      diagnostic_set_info (&diagnostic, gmsgid, &ap, &richloc,
> +			   cxx_dialect < cxx23 ? DK_PEDWARN : DK_WARNING);
> +      diagnostic.option_index = OPT_Winvalid_constexpr;
> +      ret = diagnostic_report_diagnostic (global_dc, &diagnostic);
> +    }
> +  else
> +    ret = false;
> +  va_end (ap);
> +  return ret;
> +}
> +
>   struct constexpr_fundef_hasher : ggc_ptr_hash<constexpr_fundef>
>   {
>     static hashval_t hash (const constexpr_fundef *);
> @@ -208,9 +244,11 @@ is_valid_constexpr_fn (tree fun, bool complain)
>   	    if (complain)
>   	      {
>   		auto_diagnostic_group d;
> -		error ("invalid type for parameter %d of %<constexpr%> "
> -		       "function %q+#D", DECL_PARM_INDEX (parm), fun);
> -		explain_non_literal_class (TREE_TYPE (parm));
> +		if (constexpr_error (input_location, /*constexpr_fundef_p*/true,
> +				     "invalid type for parameter %d of "
> +				     "%<constexpr%> function %q+#D",
> +				     DECL_PARM_INDEX (parm), fun))
> +		  explain_non_literal_class (TREE_TYPE (parm));
>   	      }
>   	  }
>       }
> @@ -242,9 +280,10 @@ is_valid_constexpr_fn (tree fun, bool complain)
>   	  if (complain)
>   	    {
>   	      auto_diagnostic_group d;
> -	      error ("invalid return type %qT of %<constexpr%> function %q+D",
> -		     rettype, fun);
> -	      explain_non_literal_class (rettype);
> +	      if (constexpr_error (input_location, /*constexpr_fundef_p*/true,
> +				   "invalid return type %qT of %<constexpr%> "
> +				   "function %q+D", rettype, fun))
> +		explain_non_literal_class (rettype);
>   	    }
>   	}
>   
> @@ -918,7 +957,7 @@ maybe_save_constexpr_fundef (tree fun)
>   
>     bool potential = potential_rvalue_constant_expression (massaged);
>     if (!potential && complain)
> -    require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression (massaged);
> +    require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck (massaged);
>   
>     if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (fun) && potential
>         && !DECL_DEFAULTED_FN (fun))
> @@ -933,11 +972,16 @@ maybe_save_constexpr_fundef (tree fun)
>   	  massaged = DECL_SAVED_TREE (fun);
>   	  potential = potential_rvalue_constant_expression (massaged);
>   	  if (!potential && complain)
> -	    require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression (massaged);
> +	    require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck (massaged);
>   	}
>       }
>   
> -  if (!potential && complain)
> +  if (!potential && complain
> +      /* If -Wno-invalid-constexpr was specified, we haven't complained
> +	 about non-constant expressions yet.  Register the function and
> +	 complain in explain_invalid_constexpr_fn if the function is
> +	 called.  */
> +      && warn_invalid_constexpr != 0)
>       return;
>   
>     if (implicit)
> @@ -996,19 +1040,27 @@ register_constexpr_fundef (const constexpr_fundef &value)
>     **slot = value;
>   }
>   
> -/* FUN is a non-constexpr function called in a context that requires a
> -   constant expression.  If it comes from a constexpr template, explain why
> -   the instantiation isn't constexpr.  */
> +/* FUN is a non-constexpr (or, with -Wno-invalid-constexpr, a constexpr
> +   function called in a context that requires a constant expression).
> +   If it comes from a constexpr template, explain why the instantiation
> +   isn't constexpr.  Otherwise, explain why the function cannot be used
> +   in a constexpr context.  */
>   
>   void
>   explain_invalid_constexpr_fn (tree fun)
>   {
>     static hash_set<tree> *diagnosed;
>     tree body;
> +  /* In C++23, a function marked 'constexpr' may not actually be a constant
> +     expression.  We haven't diagnosed the problem yet: -Winvalid-constexpr
> +     wasn't enabled.  The function was called, so diagnose why it cannot be
> +     used in a constant expression.  */
> +  if (warn_invalid_constexpr == 0 && DECL_DECLARED_CONSTEXPR_P (fun))
> +    /* Go on.  */;
>     /* Only diagnose defaulted functions, lambdas, or instantiations.  */
> -  if (!DECL_DEFAULTED_FN (fun)
> -      && !LAMBDA_TYPE_P (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (fun))
> -      && !is_instantiation_of_constexpr (fun))
> +  else if (!DECL_DEFAULTED_FN (fun)
> +	   && !LAMBDA_TYPE_P (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (fun))
> +	   && !is_instantiation_of_constexpr (fun))
>       {
>         inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fun), "%qD declared here", fun);
>         return;
> @@ -5612,11 +5664,12 @@ cxx_eval_indirect_ref (const constexpr_ctx *ctx, tree t,
>   }
>   
>   /* Complain about R, a VAR_DECL, not being usable in a constant expression.
> +   FUNDEF_P is true if we're checking a constexpr function body.
>      Shared between potential_constant_expression and
>      cxx_eval_constant_expression.  */
>   
>   static void
> -non_const_var_error (location_t loc, tree r)
> +non_const_var_error (location_t loc, tree r, bool fundef_p)
>   {
>     auto_diagnostic_group d;
>     tree type = TREE_TYPE (r);
> @@ -5625,20 +5678,21 @@ non_const_var_error (location_t loc, tree r)
>         || DECL_NAME (r) == heap_vec_uninit_identifier
>         || DECL_NAME (r) == heap_vec_identifier)
>       {
> -      error_at (loc, "the content of uninitialized storage is not usable "
> -		"in a constant expression");
> -      inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (r), "allocated here");
> +      if (constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "the content of uninitialized "
> +			   "storage is not usable in a constant expression"))
> +	inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (r), "allocated here");
>         return;
>       }
>     if (DECL_NAME (r) == heap_deleted_identifier)
>       {
> -      error_at (loc, "use of allocated storage after deallocation in a "
> -		"constant expression");
> -      inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (r), "allocated here");
> +      if (constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "use of allocated storage after "
> +			   "deallocation in a constant expression"))
> +	inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (r), "allocated here");
>         return;
>       }
> -  error_at (loc, "the value of %qD is not usable in a constant "
> -	    "expression", r);
> +  if (!constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "the value of %qD is not usable in "
> +			"a constant expression", r))
> +    return;
>     /* Avoid error cascade.  */
>     if (DECL_INITIAL (r) == error_mark_node)
>       return;
> @@ -6697,15 +6751,17 @@ lookup_placeholder (const constexpr_ctx *ctx, value_cat lval, tree type)
>     return ob;
>   }
>   
> -/* Complain about an attempt to evaluate inline assembly.  */
> +/* Complain about an attempt to evaluate inline assembly.  If FUNDEF_P is
> +   true, we're checking a constexpr function body.  */
>   
>   static void
> -inline_asm_in_constexpr_error (location_t loc)
> +inline_asm_in_constexpr_error (location_t loc, bool fundef_p)
>   {
>     auto_diagnostic_group d;
> -  error_at (loc, "inline assembly is not a constant expression");
> -  inform (loc, "only unevaluated inline assembly is allowed in a "
> -	  "%<constexpr%> function in C++20");
> +  if (constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "inline assembly is not a "
> +		       "constant expression"))
> +    inform (loc, "only unevaluated inline assembly is allowed in a "
> +	    "%<constexpr%> function in C++20");
>   }
>   
>   /* We're getting the constant value of DECL in a manifestly constant-evaluated
> @@ -6983,7 +7039,7 @@ cxx_eval_constant_expression (const constexpr_ctx *ctx, tree t,
>         if (DECL_P (r))
>   	{
>   	  if (!ctx->quiet)
> -	    non_const_var_error (loc, r);
> +	    non_const_var_error (loc, r, /*fundef_p*/false);
>   	  *non_constant_p = true;
>   	}
>         break;
> @@ -7874,7 +7930,7 @@ cxx_eval_constant_expression (const constexpr_ctx *ctx, tree t,
>   
>       case ASM_EXPR:
>         if (!ctx->quiet)
> -	inline_asm_in_constexpr_error (loc);
> +	inline_asm_in_constexpr_error (loc, /*constexpr_fundef_p*/false);
>         *non_constant_p = true;
>         return t;
>   
> @@ -8759,7 +8815,8 @@ check_for_return_continue (tree *tp, int *walk_subtrees, void *data)
>      diagnostic as appropriate under control of FLAGS.  If WANT_RVAL is true,
>      an lvalue-rvalue conversion is implied.  If NOW is true, we want to
>      consider the expression in the current context, independent of constexpr
> -   substitution.
> +   substitution.  If FUNDEF_P is true, we're checking a constexpr function body
> +   and hard errors should not be reported by constexpr_error.
>   
>      C++0x [expr.const] used to say
>   
> @@ -8776,10 +8833,12 @@ check_for_return_continue (tree *tp, int *walk_subtrees, void *data)
>   
>   static bool
>   potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
> -				 tsubst_flags_t flags, tree *jump_target)
> +				 bool fundef_p, tsubst_flags_t flags,
> +				 tree *jump_target)
>   {
>   #define RECUR(T,RV) \
> -  potential_constant_expression_1 ((T), (RV), strict, now, flags, jump_target)
> +  potential_constant_expression_1 ((T), (RV), strict, now, fundef_p, flags, \
> +				   jump_target)
>   
>     enum { any = false, rval = true };
>     int i;
> @@ -8801,8 +8860,9 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>     if (TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (t) && want_rval)
>       {
>         if (flags & tf_error)
> -	error_at (loc, "lvalue-to-rvalue conversion of a volatile lvalue "
> -		  "%qE with type %qT", t, TREE_TYPE (t));
> +	constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "lvalue-to-rvalue conversion of "
> +			 "a volatile lvalue %qE with type %qT", t,
> +			 TREE_TYPE (t));
>         return false;
>       }
>     if (CONSTANT_CLASS_P (t))
> @@ -8861,7 +8921,8 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	    /* An empty class has no data to read.  */
>   	    return true;
>   	  if (flags & tf_error)
> -	    error ("%qE is not a constant expression", t);
> +	    constexpr_error (input_location, fundef_p,
> +			     "%qE is not a constant expression", t);
>   	  return false;
>   	}
>         return true;
> @@ -8910,7 +8971,8 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	      {
>   		/* fold_call_expr can't do anything with IFN calls.  */
>   		if (flags & tf_error)
> -		  error_at (loc, "call to internal function %qE", t);
> +		  constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p,
> +				   "call to internal function %qE", t);
>   		return false;
>   	      }
>   	  }
> @@ -8940,12 +9002,11 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   			|| !is_std_construct_at (current_function_decl))
>   		    && !cxx_dynamic_cast_fn_p (fun))
>   		  {
> -		    if (flags & tf_error)
> -		      {
> -			error_at (loc, "call to non-%<constexpr%> function %qD",
> -				  fun);
> -			explain_invalid_constexpr_fn (fun);
> -		      }
> +		    if ((flags & tf_error)
> +			&& constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p,
> +					    "call to non-%<constexpr%> "
> +					    "function %qD", fun))
> +		      explain_invalid_constexpr_fn (fun);
>   		    return false;
>   		  }
>   		/* A call to a non-static member function takes the address
> @@ -8962,8 +9023,8 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   		       constexpr substitution might not use the value.  */
>   		    bool sub_now = false;
>   		    if (!potential_constant_expression_1 (x, rval, strict,
> -							  sub_now, flags,
> -							  jump_target))
> +							  sub_now, fundef_p,
> +							  flags, jump_target))
>   		      return false;
>   		    i = 1;
>   		  }
> @@ -8997,7 +9058,8 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	       substitution might not use the value of the argument.  */
>   	    bool sub_now = false;
>   	    if (!potential_constant_expression_1 (x, rv, strict,
> -						  sub_now, flags, jump_target))
> +						  sub_now, fundef_p, flags,
> +						  jump_target))
>   	      return false;
>             }
>           return true;
> @@ -9035,9 +9097,10 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	      if (flags & tf_error)
>   		{
>   		  tree cap = DECL_CAPTURED_VARIABLE (t);
> -		  error ("lambda capture of %qE is not a constant expression",
> -			 cap);
> -		  if (decl_constant_var_p (cap))
> +		  if (constexpr_error (input_location, fundef_p,
> +				       "lambda capture of %qE is not a "
> +				       "constant expression", cap)
> +		      && decl_constant_var_p (cap))
>   		    inform (input_location, "because it is used as a glvalue");
>   		}
>   	      return false;
> @@ -9060,8 +9123,8 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	  && COMPLETE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (t))
>   	  && !is_really_empty_class (TREE_TYPE (t), /*ignore_vptr*/false))
>           {
> -          if (flags & tf_error)
> -	    non_const_var_error (loc, t);
> +	  if (flags & tf_error)
> +	    non_const_var_error (loc, t, fundef_p);
>             return false;
>           }
>         return true;
> @@ -9070,7 +9133,8 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>         if (REINTERPRET_CAST_P (t))
>   	{
>   	  if (flags & tf_error)
> -	    error_at (loc, "%<reinterpret_cast%> is not a constant expression");
> +	    constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "%<reinterpret_cast%> is not a "
> +			     "constant expression");
>   	  return false;
>   	}
>         /* FALLTHRU */
> @@ -9092,8 +9156,9 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   		&& !integer_zerop (from))
>   	      {
>   		if (flags & tf_error)
> -		  error_at (loc,
> -			    "%<reinterpret_cast%> from integer to pointer");
> +		  constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p,
> +				   "%<reinterpret_cast%> from integer to "
> +				   "pointer");
>   		return false;
>   	      }
>   	  }
> @@ -9165,7 +9230,8 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	    if (!var_in_maybe_constexpr_fn (x))
>   	      {
>   		if (flags & tf_error)
> -		  error_at (loc, "use of %<this%> in a constant expression");
> +		  constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "use of %<this%> in a "
> +				   "constant expression");
>   		return false;
>   	      }
>   	    return true;
> @@ -9313,8 +9379,8 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	/* In C++17 lambdas can be constexpr, don't give up yet.  */
>   	return true;
>         else if (flags & tf_error)
> -	error_at (loc, "lambda-expression is not a constant expression "
> -		  "before C++17");
> +	constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "lambda-expression is not a "
> +			 "constant expression before C++17");
>         return false;
>   
>       case NEW_EXPR:
> @@ -9325,8 +9391,8 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	/* In C++20, new-expressions are potentially constant.  */
>   	return true;
>         else if (flags & tf_error)
> -	error_at (loc, "new-expression is not a constant expression "
> -		  "before C++20");
> +	constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "new-expression is not a "
> +			 "constant expression before C++20");
>         return false;
>   
>       case DYNAMIC_CAST_EXPR:
> @@ -9375,12 +9441,13 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>       case AT_ENCODE_EXPR:
>       fail:
>         if (flags & tf_error)
> -	error_at (loc, "expression %qE is not a constant expression", t);
> +	 constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "expression %qE is not a constant "
> +			  "expression", t);
>         return false;
>   
>       case ASM_EXPR:
>         if (flags & tf_error)
> -	inline_asm_in_constexpr_error (loc);
> +	inline_asm_in_constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p);
>         return false;
>   
>       case OBJ_TYPE_REF:
> @@ -9388,8 +9455,8 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	/* In C++20 virtual calls can be constexpr, don't give up yet.  */
>   	return true;
>         else if (flags & tf_error)
> -	error_at (loc,
> -		  "virtual functions cannot be %<constexpr%> before C++20");
> +	constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "virtual functions cannot be "
> +			 "%<constexpr%> before C++20");
>         return false;
>   
>       case TYPEID_EXPR:
> @@ -9404,8 +9471,9 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	    && TYPE_POLYMORPHIC_P (TREE_TYPE (e)))
>             {
>               if (flags & tf_error)
> -	      error_at (loc, "%<typeid%> is not a constant expression "
> -			"because %qE is of polymorphic type", e);
> +	      constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "%<typeid%> is not a "
> +			       "constant expression because %qE is "
> +			       "of polymorphic type", e);
>               return false;
>             }
>           return true;
> @@ -9465,9 +9533,9 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	   constant expression.  */
>   	{
>   	  if (flags & tf_error)
> -	    error_at (loc,
> -		      "cast to non-integral type %qT in a constant expression",
> -		      TREE_TYPE (t));
> +	    constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p,
> +			     "cast to non-integral type %qT in a constant "
> +			     "expression", TREE_TYPE (t));
>   	  return false;
>   	}
>         /* This might be a conversion from a class to a (potentially) literal
> @@ -9523,15 +9591,17 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	  if (CP_DECL_THREAD_LOCAL_P (tmp) && !DECL_REALLY_EXTERN (tmp))
>   	    {
>   	      if (flags & tf_error)
> -		error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (tmp), "%qD defined "
> -			  "%<thread_local%> in %<constexpr%> context", tmp);
> +		constexpr_error (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (tmp), fundef_p,
> +				 "%qD defined %<thread_local%> in "
> +				 "%<constexpr%> context", tmp);
>   	      return false;
>   	    }
>   	  else if (TREE_STATIC (tmp))
>   	    {
>   	      if (flags & tf_error)
> -		error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (tmp), "%qD defined "
> -			  "%<static%> in %<constexpr%> context", tmp);
> +		constexpr_error (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (tmp), fundef_p,
> +				 "%qD defined %<static%> in %<constexpr%> "
> +				 "context", tmp);
>   	      return false;
>   	    }
>   	  else if (!check_for_uninitialized_const_var
> @@ -9554,9 +9624,10 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	  if (flags & tf_error)
>   	    {
>   	      auto_diagnostic_group d;
> -	      error_at (loc, "temporary of non-literal type %qT in a "
> -			"constant expression", TREE_TYPE (t));
> -	      explain_non_literal_class (TREE_TYPE (t));
> +	      if (constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p,
> +				   "temporary of non-literal type %qT in a "
> +				   "constant expression", TREE_TYPE (t)))
> +		explain_non_literal_class (TREE_TYPE (t));
>   	    }
>   	  return false;
>   	}
> @@ -9603,7 +9674,8 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	if (integer_zerop (denom))
>   	  {
>   	    if (flags & tf_error)
> -	      error ("division by zero is not a constant expression");
> +	      constexpr_error (input_location, fundef_p,
> +			       "division by zero is not a constant expression");
>   	    return false;
>   	  }
>   	else
> @@ -9704,7 +9776,8 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>         if (COND_EXPR_IS_VEC_DELETE (t) && cxx_dialect < cxx20)
>   	{
>   	  if (flags & tf_error)
> -	    error_at (loc, "%<delete[]%> is not a constant expression");
> +	    constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "%<delete[]%> is not a "
> +			     "constant expression");
>   	  return false;
>   	}
>         /* Fall through.  */
> @@ -9734,7 +9807,7 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	{
>   	  tree this_jump_target = tmp;
>   	  if (potential_constant_expression_1 (TREE_OPERAND (t, i),
> -					       want_rval, strict, now,
> +					       want_rval, strict, now, fundef_p,
>   					       tf_none, &this_jump_target))
>   	    {
>   	      if (returns (&this_jump_target))
> @@ -9772,9 +9845,11 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>         if (flags & tf_error)
>   	{
>   	  if (TREE_CODE (t) == IF_STMT)
> -	    error_at (loc, "neither branch of %<if%> is a constant expression");
> +	    constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "neither branch of %<if%> is a "
> +			     "constant expression");
>   	  else
> -	    error_at (loc, "expression %qE is not a constant expression", t);
> +	    constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "expression %qE is not a "
> +			     "constant expression", t);
>   	}
>         return false;
>   
> @@ -9783,8 +9858,9 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	return true;
>         if (flags & tf_error)
>   	{
> -	  error_at (loc, "non-constant array initialization");
> -	  diagnose_non_constexpr_vec_init (t);
> +	  if (constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "non-constant array "
> +			       "initialization"))
> +	    diagnose_non_constexpr_vec_init (t);
>   	}
>         return false;
>   
> @@ -9813,7 +9889,8 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	    return true;
>   	  }
>   	if (flags & tf_error)
> -	  error_at (loc, "%<goto%> is not a constant expression");
> +	  constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "%<goto%> is not a constant "
> +			   "expression");
>   	return false;
>         }
>   
> @@ -9822,8 +9899,9 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>         if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (t) || cxx_dialect >= cxx23)
>   	return true;
>         else if (flags & tf_error)
> -	error_at (loc, "label definition in %<constexpr%> function only "
> -		       "available with %<-std=c++2b%> or %<-std=gnu++2b%>");
> +	constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "label definition in %<constexpr%> "
> +			 "function only available with %<-std=c++2b%> or "
> +			 "%<-std=gnu++2b%>");
>         return false;
>   
>       case ANNOTATE_EXPR:
> @@ -9861,7 +9939,7 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   
>   bool
>   potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
> -				 tsubst_flags_t flags)
> +				 bool fundef_p, tsubst_flags_t flags)
>   {
>     if (flags & tf_error)
>       {
> @@ -9869,13 +9947,14 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   	 efficiently in some cases (currently only for TRUTH_*_EXPR).  If
>   	 that fails, replay the check noisily to give errors.  */
>         flags &= ~tf_error;
> -      if (potential_constant_expression_1 (t, want_rval, strict, now, flags))
> +      if (potential_constant_expression_1 (t, want_rval, strict, now, fundef_p,
> +					   flags))
>   	return true;
>         flags |= tf_error;
>       }
>   
>     tree target = NULL_TREE;
> -  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, want_rval, strict, now,
> +  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, want_rval, strict, now, fundef_p,
>   					  flags, &target);
>   }
>   
> @@ -9884,7 +9963,9 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
>   bool
>   potential_constant_expression (tree t)
>   {
> -  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, false, true, false, tf_none);
> +  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/false, /*strict*/true,
> +					  /*now*/false, /*fundef_p*/false,
> +					  tf_none);
>   }
>   
>   /* As above, but require a constant rvalue.  */
> @@ -9892,7 +9973,9 @@ potential_constant_expression (tree t)
>   bool
>   potential_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
>   {
> -  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, true, true, false, tf_none);
> +  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/true, /*strict*/true,
> +					  /*now*/false, /*fundef_p*/false,
> +					  tf_none);
>   }
>   
>   /* Like above, but complain about non-constant expressions.  */
> @@ -9900,7 +9983,8 @@ potential_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
>   bool
>   require_potential_constant_expression (tree t)
>   {
> -  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, false, true, false,
> +  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/false, /*strict*/true,
> +					  /*now*/false, /*fundef_p*/false,
>   					  tf_warning_or_error);
>   }
>   
> @@ -9909,7 +9993,18 @@ require_potential_constant_expression (tree t)
>   bool
>   require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
>   {
> -  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, true, true, false,
> +  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/true, /*strict*/true,
> +					  /*now*/false, /*fundef_p*/false,
> +					  tf_warning_or_error);
> +}
> +
> +/* Like require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression, but fundef_p is true.  */
> +
> +bool
> +require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck (tree t)
> +{
> +  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/true, /*strict*/true,
> +					  /*now*/false, /*fundef_p*/true,
>   					  tf_warning_or_error);
>   }
>   
> @@ -9918,7 +10013,8 @@ require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
>   bool
>   require_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
>   {
> -  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, true, true, true,
> +  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/true, /*strict*/true,
> +					  /*now*/true, /*fundef_p*/false,
>   					  tf_warning_or_error);
>   }
>   
> @@ -9932,7 +10028,9 @@ require_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
>   bool
>   is_constant_expression (tree t)
>   {
> -  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, false, true, true, tf_none);
> +  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/false, /*strict*/true,
> +					  /*now*/true, /*fundef_p*/false,
> +					  tf_none);
>   }
>   
>   /* As above, but expect an rvalue.  */
> @@ -9940,7 +10038,9 @@ is_constant_expression (tree t)
>   bool
>   is_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
>   {
> -  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, true, true, true, tf_none);
> +  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/true, /*strict*/true,
> +					  /*now*/true, /*fundef_p*/false,
> +					  tf_none);
>   }
>   
>   /* Like above, but complain about non-constant expressions.  */
> @@ -9948,7 +10048,8 @@ is_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
>   bool
>   require_constant_expression (tree t)
>   {
> -  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, false, true, true,
> +  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/false, /*strict*/true,
> +					  /*now*/true, /*fundef_p*/false,
>   					  tf_warning_or_error);
>   }
>   
> @@ -9958,7 +10059,9 @@ require_constant_expression (tree t)
>   bool
>   is_static_init_expression (tree t)
>   {
> -  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, false, false, true, tf_none);
> +  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/false,
> +					  /*strict*/false, /*now*/true,
> +					  /*fundef_p*/false, tf_none);
>   }
>   
>   /* Returns true if T is a potential constant expression that is not
> diff --git a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
> index 07f96ea861f..811a8345712 100644
> --- a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
> +++ b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
> @@ -8450,6 +8450,7 @@ extern bool require_potential_constant_expression (tree);
>   extern bool require_constant_expression (tree);
>   extern bool require_rvalue_constant_expression (tree);
>   extern bool require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression (tree);
> +extern bool require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck (tree);
>   extern tree cxx_constant_value			(tree, tree = NULL_TREE,
>   						 tsubst_flags_t = tf_error);
>   inline tree cxx_constant_value (tree t, tsubst_flags_t complain)
> diff --git a/gcc/cp/method.cc b/gcc/cp/method.cc
> index c217d7e5aad..1e962b6e3b1 100644
> --- a/gcc/cp/method.cc
> +++ b/gcc/cp/method.cc
> @@ -1332,7 +1332,7 @@ struct comp_info
>   	&& !potential_rvalue_constant_expression (expr))
>         {
>   	if (was_constexp)
> -	  require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression (expr);
> +	  require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck (expr);
>   	else
>   	  constexp = false;
>         }
> @@ -2670,13 +2670,17 @@ synthesized_method_walk (tree ctype, special_function_kind sfk, bool const_p,
>        requirements of a constexpr constructor (7.1.5), the
>        implicitly-defined default constructor is constexpr.
>   
> +     C++20:
>        The implicitly-defined copy/move assignment operator is constexpr if
>         - X is a literal type, and
>         - the assignment operator selected to copy/move each direct base class
>   	subobject is a constexpr function, and
>         - for each non-static data member of X that is of class type (or array
>   	thereof), the assignment operator selected to copy/move that
> -	member is a constexpr function.  */
> +	member is a constexpr function.
> +
> +      C++23:
> +      The implicitly-defined copy/move assignment operator is constexpr.  */
>     if (constexpr_p)
>       *constexpr_p = (SFK_CTOR_P (sfk)
>   		    || (SFK_ASSIGN_P (sfk) && cxx_dialect >= cxx14)
> diff --git a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
> index 96f0b6d08bd..31d031cd25c 100644
> --- a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
> +++ b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
> @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ in the following sections.
>   -Wno-deprecated-enum-enum-conversion -Wno-deprecated-enum-float-conversion @gol
>   -Weffc++  -Wno-exceptions -Wextra-semi  -Wno-inaccessible-base @gol
>   -Wno-inherited-variadic-ctor  -Wno-init-list-lifetime @gol
> --Winvalid-imported-macros @gol
> +-Winvalid-constexpr -Winvalid-imported-macros @gol
>   -Wno-invalid-offsetof  -Wno-literal-suffix @gol
>   -Wmismatched-new-delete -Wmismatched-tags @gol
>   -Wmultiple-inheritance  -Wnamespaces  -Wnarrowing @gol
> @@ -3766,6 +3766,32 @@ the variable declaration statement.
>   
>   @end itemize
>   
> +@item -Winvalid-constexpr
> +@opindex Winvalid-constexpr
> +@opindex Wno-invalid-constexpr
> +
> +Warn when a function never produces a constant expression.  In C++20
> +and earlier, for every @code{constexpr} function and function template,
> +there must be at least one set of function arguments in at least one
> +instantiation such that an invocation of the function or constructor
> +could be an evaluated subexpression of a core constant expression.
> +C++23 removed this restriction, so it's possible to have a function
> +or a function template marked @code{constexpr} for which no invocation
> +satisfies the requirements of a core constant expression.
> +
> +This warning is enabled as a pedantic warning by default in C++20 and
> +earlier.  In C++23, @option{-Winvalid-constexpr} can be turned on, in
> +which case it will be an ordinary warning.  For example:
> +
> +@smallexample
> +void f (int& i);
> +constexpr void
> +g (int& i)
> +@{
> +  f(i); // warns by default in C++20, in C++23 only with -Winvalid-constexpr
> +@}
> +@end smallexample
> +
>   @item -Winvalid-imported-macros
>   @opindex Winvalid-imported-macros
>   @opindex Wno-invalid-imported-macros
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ctor2.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ctor2.C
> index 30b01091fd1..eabc586385f 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ctor2.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ctor2.C
> @@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ struct A
>   
>   struct B : A
>   {
> -  constexpr B(): A() { }	// { dg-error "A::A" }
> +  constexpr B(): A() { }	// { dg-error "A::A" "" { target c++20_down } }
>   };
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-default-ctor.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-default-ctor.C
> index 8d352d0bb99..2f9fbfb596a 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-default-ctor.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-default-ctor.C
> @@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ struct A {
>   struct B: A { };
>   constexpr int f(B b) { return b.i; }
>   
> -struct C { C(); };	       // { dg-message "" }
> -struct D: C { };	       // { dg-message "" }
> -constexpr int g(D d) { return 42; } // { dg-error "invalid type" }
> +struct C { C(); };	       // { dg-message "" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +struct D: C { };	       // { dg-message "" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +constexpr int g(D d) { return 42; } // { dg-error "invalid type" "" { target c++20_down } }
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-diag3.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-diag3.C
> index c167bb1d8bc..5eedf42ba36 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-diag3.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-diag3.C
> @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ struct base		       // { dg-message "no .constexpr. constructor" "" { target { !
>   
>   struct derived : public base	// { dg-message "base class" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
>   {
> -  constexpr derived(): base() { } // { dg-error "non-.constexpr. function" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
> +  constexpr derived(): base() { } // { dg-error "non-.constexpr. function" "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } } }
>   };
>   
>   constexpr derived obj;		// { dg-error "not literal" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C
> index 1d5c58b4090..48281a47784 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C
> @@ -87,7 +87,8 @@ struct resource {
>     }
>   };
>   constexpr resource f(resource d)
> -{ return d; }                  // { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
> +{ return d; }                  // { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } } }
> +// { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target c++23 } .-2 }
>   constexpr resource d = f(9);   // { dg-message ".constexpr." "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
>   
>   // 4.4 floating-point constant expressions
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-friend.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-friend.C
> index 85dfca4ff1d..3d171822855 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-friend.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-friend.C
> @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ struct A { A(); };
>   
>   struct B {
>     friend constexpr int f(B) { return 0; } // OK
> -  friend constexpr int f(A) { return 0; } // { dg-error "constexpr" }
> +  friend constexpr int f(A) { return 0; } // { dg-error "constexpr" "" { target c++20_down } }
>   };
>   
>   template <class T>
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-generated1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-generated1.C
> index 4b0d68bf661..98235719546 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-generated1.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-generated1.C
> @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ int g();
>   
>   // We should complain about this.
>   template<> constexpr int A<int>::f()
> -{ return g(); }			// { dg-error "non-.constexpr." }
> +{ return g(); }			// { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target c++20_down } }
>   
>   // But not about this.
>   struct B
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice5.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice5.C
> index e934421c2f4..70327fc414a 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice5.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice5.C
> @@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ struct A
>   struct B
>   {
>     A a[1];
> -  constexpr B() : a() {} // { dg-error "non-constant|non-.constexpr." "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
> +  constexpr B() : a() {} // { dg-error "non-constant|non-.constexpr." "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } } }
>   };
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice6.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice6.C
> index bf95b2443c7..7eabd333758 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice6.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice6.C
> @@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ struct A
>     A(int);
>   };
>   
> -struct B : A {};                   // { dg-message "" }
> +struct B : A {};                   // { dg-message "" "" { target c++20_down } }
>   
> -constexpr int foo(B) { return 0; } // { dg-error "invalid type" }
> +constexpr int foo(B) { return 0; } // { dg-error "invalid type" "" { target c++20_down } }
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-memfn1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-memfn1.C
> index 37255282ded..0c95961c730 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-memfn1.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-memfn1.C
> @@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ constexpr X X::g(X x) { return x; }
>   struct Y
>   {
>     Y() { }
> -  constexpr Y f(Y y) { return y; }  // { dg-error "constexpr" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
> -  static constexpr Y g(Y y) { return y; } // { dg-error "constexpr" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
> +  constexpr Y f(Y y) { return y; }  // { dg-error "constexpr" "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } } }
> +  static constexpr Y g(Y y) { return y; } // { dg-error "constexpr" "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } } }
>   };
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-neg2.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-neg2.C
> index 793b4c3f5d3..47f7fb05e29 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-neg2.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-neg2.C
> @@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ constexpr int three = one() ? 3 : nonconst_func(0);
>   constexpr int bogus() { return zero () ? 3 : nonconst_func(0); } // { dg-error "nonconst_func" }
>   
>   // Correctly rejected (not sure why).
> -constexpr int correct_error() { return nonconst_func(0); } // { dg-error "nonconst_func" }
> +constexpr int correct_error() { return nonconst_func(0); } // { dg-error "nonconst_func" "" { target c++20_down } }
>   
>   // Correctly rejected.
>   constexpr int z = bogus();	// { dg-error "" }
>   
>   // This is also correctly rejected.
> -constexpr int correct_failure() { return 0 ? 3 : nonconst_func(0); } // { dg-error "nonconst_func" }
> +constexpr int correct_failure() { return 0 ? 3 : nonconst_func(0); } // { dg-error "nonconst_func" "" { target c++20_down } }
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-non-const-arg.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-non-const-arg.C
> index 0f68643f145..abbc70368d4 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-non-const-arg.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-non-const-arg.C
> @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ struct B {
>   int global;			// { dg-message "not const" }
>   
>   struct D : B {
> -  constexpr D() : B(global) { }   // { dg-error "global|argument" }
> +  constexpr D() : B(global) { }   // { dg-error "global|argument" "" { target c++20_down } }
>   };
>   
>   struct A2 {
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-reinterpret1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-reinterpret1.C
> index d7d244f752d..4e19cd36a9f 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-reinterpret1.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-reinterpret1.C
> @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public:
>     constexpr static Inner & getInner()
>     /* I am surprised this is considered a constexpr */
>     {
> -    return *((Inner *)4); // { dg-error "reinterpret_cast" }
> +    return *((Inner *)4); // { dg-error "reinterpret_cast" "" { target c++20_down } }
>     }
>   };
>   
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/pr65327.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/pr65327.C
> index e8149953ffd..b3ef57eec5f 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/pr65327.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/pr65327.C
> @@ -14,5 +14,5 @@ foo ()
>   constexpr volatile int // { dg-warning "deprecated" "" { target c++2a } }
>   bar ()
>   {
> -  return i;  // { dg-error "lvalue-to-rvalue conversion of a volatile lvalue" }
> +  return i;  // { dg-error "lvalue-to-rvalue conversion of a volatile lvalue" "" { target c++20_down } }
>   }
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-105050.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-105050.C
> index e0688fbd38e..e5d53c9817b 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-105050.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-105050.C
> @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ void g();
>   void h();
>   
>   constexpr void f(int* p, int* q) {
> -  if (p != q && *p < 0) // { dg-error "neither branch of 'if' is a constant expression" }
> +  if (p != q && *p < 0) // { dg-error "neither branch of 'if' is a constant expression" "" { target c++20_down } }
>       g();
>     else
>       h();
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285-2.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285-2.C
> index ea44daa849e..7b129fcee7a 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285-2.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285-2.C
> @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ struct B {
>       int *c = &x->a;
>       while (*c)
>         c = reinterpret_cast<int *>((reinterpret_cast<char *>(c) + *c));
> -    *c = reinterpret_cast<char *>(this) - reinterpret_cast<char *>(c); // { dg-error "reinterpret_cast" }
> +    *c = reinterpret_cast<char *>(this) - reinterpret_cast<char *>(c); // { dg-error "reinterpret_cast" "" { target c++20_down } }
>     }
>   };
>   struct C : A {
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285.C
> index 26aab9b6a50..fe0b8570ca2 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285.C
> @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ struct B {
>       int *c = &x->a;
>       while (*c)
>         c = reinterpret_cast<int *>((reinterpret_cast<char *>(c) + *c));
> -    *c = reinterpret_cast<char *>(this) - reinterpret_cast<char *>(c);	// { dg-error "reinterpret_cast" }
> +    *c = reinterpret_cast<char *>(this) - reinterpret_cast<char *>(c);	// { dg-error "reinterpret_cast" "" { target c++20_down } }
>     }
>   };
>   struct C : A {
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89785-2.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89785-2.C
> index 5cd46c791af..7afd9d24e98 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89785-2.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89785-2.C
> @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ foo (int x)
>       case 2:
>         break;
>       }
> -  throw 42;	// { dg-error "is not a constant expression" }
> +  throw 42;	// { dg-error "is not a constant expression" "" { target c++20_down } }
>     return 0;
>   }
>   
> @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ bar (int x)
>   	    continue;
>   	  break;
>   	}
> -      throw -42;	// { dg-error "is not a constant expression" }
> +      throw -42;	// { dg-error "is not a constant expression" "" { target c++20_down } }
>       }
>     while (0);
>     return x;
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-neg1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-neg1.C
> index 8e9d1ea4943..53b5dd50f51 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-neg1.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-neg1.C
> @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
>   struct A { A(); };
>   
>   constexpr int f(int i) {
> -  static int j = i;		// { dg-error "static" }
> +  static int j = i;		// { dg-error "static" "" { target c++20_down } }
>     thread_local int l = i;	// { dg-error "thread_local" "" { target c++20_down } }
>     goto foo;			// { dg-error "goto" "" { target c++20_down } }
>    foo:
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-nsdmi7b.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-nsdmi7b.C
> index ec10ddd2be8..a410e482664 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-nsdmi7b.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-nsdmi7b.C
> @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ bar()
>     A a = foo();
>     a.p->n = 5;
>     return a;
> -} // { dg-error "non-.constexpr." }
> +} // { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target c++20_down } }
>   
>   constexpr int
>   baz()
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-throw.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-throw.C
> index 3bbc8ac1b88..35928744686 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-throw.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-throw.C
> @@ -7,18 +7,18 @@ constexpr void f1() {
>   
>   constexpr void f2() {
>     if (true)
> -    throw;	// { dg-error "not a constant expression" }
> +    throw;	// { dg-error "not a constant expression" "" { target c++20_down } }
>   }
>   
>   constexpr void f3() {
>     if (false)
>       ;
>     else
> -    throw;	// { dg-error "not a constant expression" }
> +    throw;	// { dg-error "not a constant expression" "" { target c++20_down } }
>   }
>   
>   constexpr void f4() {
> -  throw;	// { dg-error "not a constant expression" }
> +  throw;	// { dg-error "not a constant expression" "" { target c++20_down } }
>   }
>   
>   constexpr int fun(int n) {
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..48706f7b66e
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C
> @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
> +// PR c++/106649
> +// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
> +// { dg-do compile { target c++23 } }
> +// { dg-options "-Winvalid-constexpr -pedantic-errors" }
> +
> +// No constexpr constructors = not a literal type.
> +struct NonLiteral {
> +  NonLiteral() {}
> +};
> +
> +// C++23: It is possible to write a constexpr function for which no
> +// invocation satisfies the requirements of a core constant expression.
> +constexpr NonLiteral
> +fn0 (int) // { dg-warning "invalid return type" }
> +{
> +  return NonLiteral{};
> +}
> +
> +constexpr int
> +fn1 (NonLiteral) // { dg-warning "invalid type" }
> +{
> +  return 42;
> +}
> +
> +// From P2448.
> +void f(int& i) {
> +    i = 0;
> +}
> +
> +constexpr void g(int& i) {
> +    f(i); // { dg-warning "call to" }
> +}
> +
> +// [dcl.constexpr] used to have this.
> +constexpr int f(bool b)
> +  { return b ? throw 0 : 0; }           // OK
> +constexpr int f() { return f(true); }   // ill-formed, no diagnostic required
> +
> +struct B {
> +  constexpr B(int) : i(0) { }
> +  int i;
> +};
> +
> +int global;
> +
> +struct D : B {
> +  constexpr D() : B(global) { } // { dg-warning "not usable" }
> +  // ill-formed, no diagnostic required
> +  // lvalue-to-rvalue conversion on non-constant global
> +};
> +
> +// If no specialization of the template would satisfy the requirements
> +// for a constexpr function when considered as a non-template function,
> +// the template is ill-formed, no diagnostic required.
> +template<typename>
> +constexpr void
> +fn2 ()
> +{
> +  int i = 42;
> +  f (i);
> +}
> +
> +void
> +fn3 ()
> +{
> +  fn2<int>();
> +}
> +
> +constexpr volatile int cvi = 10;
> +
> +constexpr int
> +fn4 ()
> +{
> +  return cvi;  // { dg-warning "lvalue-to-rvalue conversion" }
> +}
> +
> +constexpr unsigned int
> +fn5 (int *p)
> +{
> +  unsigned int *q = reinterpret_cast<unsigned int *>(p); // { dg-warning "reinterpret_cast" }
> +  return *q;
> +}
> +
> +constexpr int
> +fn6 (int i)
> +{
> +  void *p = (void *) 1LL; // { dg-warning ".reinterpret_cast. from integer to pointer" }
> +  return 42;
> +}
> +
> +constexpr int
> +fn7 (int i)
> +{
> +  static int s = i; // { dg-warning "static" }
> +  return s;
> +}
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..a7114bc66cb
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C
> @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
> +// PR c++/106649
> +// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
> +// { dg-do compile { target c++23 } }
> +// { dg-options "-Winvalid-constexpr -pedantic-errors" }
> +
> +// [dcl.constexpr]/4 used to say:
> +// The definition of a constexpr constructor whose function-body
> +// is not = delete shall additionally satisfy the following requirements:
> +// (4.1) for a non-delegating constructor, every constructor selected to initialize non-static data members and base class subobjects shall be a constexpr constructor;
> +// (4.2) for a delegating constructor, the target constructor shall be a constexpr constructor.
> +
> +// This continues to be OK.
> +struct Length {
> +  constexpr explicit Length(int i = 0) : val(i) { }
> +private:
> +  int val;
> +};
> +
> +struct X {
> +  X() {}
> +  X(int i_) : i(i_) {}
> +  int i;
> +};
> +
> +struct S {
> +  X x;
> +  // Calls a non-constexpr constructor X::X(int).
> +  constexpr S(int i) : x(i) { } // { dg-warning "call to" }
> +  S(int, int) { }
> +  // Target constructor isn't constexpr.
> +  constexpr S() : S(42, 42) { } // { dg-warning "call to" }
> +};
> +
> +namespace N1 {
> +struct X {
> +  void x();
> +};
> +struct Y {
> +  X x;
> +  constexpr void y() { x.x(); } // { dg-warning "call to" }
> +};
> +}
> +
> +void g();
> +
> +struct A {
> +  constexpr A() { g(); } // { dg-warning "call to" }
> +};
> +
> +struct B {
> +  constexpr B& operator=(const B&) { g(); return *this; } // { dg-warning "call to" }
> +  constexpr B& operator=(B&&) { g(); return *this; } // { dg-warning "call to" }
> +};
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit12.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit12.C
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..8f003b80190
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit12.C
> @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
> +// PR c++/106649
> +// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
> +// { dg-do compile { target c++23 } }
> +// Test that we get a diagnostic even in C++23 if you do call the function.
> +
> +constexpr unsigned int
> +fn0 (const int *p)
> +{
> +  return *reinterpret_cast<unsigned const int *>(p); // { dg-error ".reinterpret_cast. is not a constant expression" }
> +}
> +
> +constexpr void *
> +fn1 (int i)
> +{
> +  return (void *) 1LL; // { dg-error ".reinterpret_cast." }
> +}
> +
> +void
> +g ()
> +{
> +  constexpr int i = 42;
> +  constexpr auto a1 = fn0 (&i);
> +  constexpr auto a2 = fn1 (i); // { dg-error "called in a constant expression" }
> +}
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit13.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit13.C
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..7997e8e2c3c
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit13.C
> @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
> +// PR c++/106649
> +// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
> +// { dg-do compile { target c++23 } }
> +// { dg-options "-Winvalid-constexpr" }
> +
> +constexpr volatile int i = 10;
> +
> +constexpr int
> +bar ()
> +{
> +  return i;  // { dg-warning "lvalue-to-rvalue conversion of a volatile lvalue" }
> +}
> +
> +constexpr int x = bar (); // { dg-error "called in a constant expression" }
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit14.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit14.C
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..f79ff15cbe2
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit14.C
> @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
> +// PR c++/106649
> +// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
> +// { dg-do compile { target c++20 } }
> +// { dg-options "" }
> +// The definition of a constexpr destructor whose function-body is not
> +//  =delete shall additionally satisfy the following requirement:
> +//  (5.1) for every subobject of class type or (possibly multi-dimensional)
> +//  array thereof, that class type shall have a constexpr destructor.
> +
> +struct B {
> +  B() { }
> +  ~B() { }
> +};
> +
> +struct T : B {
> +  constexpr ~T() { }	// { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +};
> +
> +struct S {
> +  constexpr S() = default;              // was error: implicit S() is not constexpr, now OK
> +  ~S() noexcept(false) = default;       // OK, despite mismatched exception specification
> +private:
> +  int i;
> +  S(S&);                                // OK: private copy constructor
> +};
> +S::S(S&) = default;                     // OK: defines copy constructor
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..aa35fa88189
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C
> @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
> +// PR c++/106649
> +// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
> +// { dg-do compile { target c++23 } }
> +// { dg-options "-Winvalid-constexpr" }
> +// A copy/move assignment operator for a class X that is defaulted and
> +// not defined as deleted is implicitly defined when it is odr-used,
> +// when it is needed for constant evaluation, or when it is explicitly
> +// defaulted after its first declaration.
> +// The implicitly-defined copy/move assignment operator is constexpr.
> +
> +struct S {
> +  constexpr S() {}
> +  S& operator=(const S&) = default;
> +  S& operator=(S&&) = default;
> +};
> +
> +struct U {
> +  constexpr U& operator=(const U&) = default;
> +  constexpr U& operator=(U&&) = default;
> +};
> +
> +constexpr void
> +g ()
> +{
> +  S a;
> +  S b;
> +  b = a;
> +  b = S{};
> +
> +  U u, v;
> +  u = v;
> +  u = U{};
> +}
> +
> +static_assert ((g(), true), "");
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit16.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit16.C
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..a6c4d19ffc6
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit16.C
> @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
> +// PR c++/106649
> +// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
> +// { dg-do compile { target c++20 } }
> +// { dg-options "" }
> +
> +template <typename T>
> +struct Wrapper {
> +    constexpr Wrapper() = default;
> +    constexpr Wrapper(Wrapper const&) = default;
> +    constexpr Wrapper(T const& t) : t(t) { }
> +
> +    constexpr T get() const { return t; }
> +    constexpr bool operator==(Wrapper const&) const = default; // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +private:
> +    T t;
> +};
> +
> +struct X {
> +    X();
> +    bool operator==(X const&) const;
> +};
> +
> +Wrapper<X> x;
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit3.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit3.C
> index 3b5585dcd84..2238db91157 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit3.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit3.C
> @@ -5,6 +5,6 @@ constexpr int
>   foo ()
>   {
>     goto lab;	// { dg-error "'goto' in 'constexpr' function only available with" "" { target c++20_down } }
> -lab:		// { dg-error "'goto' is not a constant expression" "" { target { c++23 } } .-1 }
> +lab:
>     return 1;
>   }
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit6.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit6.C
> index fbeb83075b0..a1436938318 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit6.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit6.C
> @@ -18,8 +18,19 @@ bar ()
>   }
>   
>   constexpr int
> -baz (int x)
> +baz ()
>   {
>     thread_local int a;	// { dg-error "'a' defined 'thread_local' in 'constexpr' context" }
>     return ++a;
>   }
> +
> +// In C++23, we get errors about the non-constant expressions only if we
> +// actually call the functions in a constexpr context.
> +
> +void
> +test ()
> +{
> +  constexpr int a = foo (); // { dg-error "constant expression" }
> +  constexpr int b = bar (); // { dg-error "constant expression" }
> +  constexpr int c = baz (); // { dg-error "constant expression" }
> +}
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit8.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit8.C
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..3fb1b93bd07
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit8.C
> @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
> +// PR c++/106649
> +// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
> +// { dg-do compile { target c++14 } }
> +// { dg-options "" }
> +
> +// No constexpr constructors = not a literal type.
> +struct NonLiteral {
> +  NonLiteral() {}
> +};
> +
> +// C++23: It is possible to write a constexpr function for which no
> +// invocation satisfies the requirements of a core constant expression.
> +constexpr NonLiteral
> +fn0 (int) // { dg-warning "invalid return type" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +{
> +  return NonLiteral{};
> +}
> +
> +constexpr int
> +fn1 (NonLiteral) // { dg-warning "invalid type" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +{
> +  return 42;
> +}
> +
> +// From P2448.
> +void f(int& i) {
> +    i = 0;
> +}
> +
> +constexpr void g(int& i) {
> +    f(i); // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +}
> +
> +// [dcl.constexpr] used to have this.
> +constexpr int f(bool b)
> +  { return b ? throw 0 : 0; }           // OK
> +constexpr int f() { return f(true); }   // ill-formed, no diagnostic required
> +
> +struct B {
> +  constexpr B(int) : i(0) { }
> +  int i;
> +};
> +
> +int global;
> +
> +struct D : B {
> +  constexpr D() : B(global) { } // { dg-warning "not usable" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +  // ill-formed, no diagnostic required
> +  // lvalue-to-rvalue conversion on non-constant global
> +};
> +
> +// If no specialization of the template would satisfy the requirements
> +// for a constexpr function when considered as a non-template function,
> +// the template is ill-formed, no diagnostic required.
> +template<typename>
> +constexpr void
> +fn2 ()
> +{
> +  int i = 42;
> +  f (i);
> +}
> +
> +void
> +fn3 ()
> +{
> +  fn2<int>();
> +}
> +
> +constexpr volatile int cvi = 10;
> +
> +constexpr int
> +fn4 ()
> +{
> +  return cvi;  // { dg-warning "lvalue-to-rvalue conversion" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +}
> +
> +constexpr unsigned int
> +fn5 (int *p)
> +{
> +  unsigned int *q = reinterpret_cast<unsigned int *>(p); // { dg-warning "reinterpret_cast" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +  return *q;
> +}
> +
> +constexpr int
> +fn6 (int i)
> +{
> +  void *p = (void *) 1LL; // { dg-warning ".reinterpret_cast. from integer to pointer" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +  return 42;
> +}
> +
> +constexpr int
> +fn7 (int i)
> +{
> +  static int s = i; // { dg-error "static" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +  return s;
> +}
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit9.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit9.C
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..228e90f14c1
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit9.C
> @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
> +// PR c++/106649
> +// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
> +// { dg-do compile { target c++14 } }
> +// { dg-options "" }
> +
> +// [dcl.constexpr]/4 used to say:
> +// The definition of a constexpr constructor whose function-body
> +// is not = delete shall additionally satisfy the following requirements:
> +// (4.1) for a non-delegating constructor, every constructor selected to initialize non-static data members and base class subobjects shall be a constexpr constructor;
> +// (4.2) for a delegating constructor, the target constructor shall be a constexpr constructor.
> +
> +// This continues to be OK.
> +struct Length {
> +  constexpr explicit Length(int i = 0) : val(i) { }
> +private:
> +  int val;
> +};
> +
> +struct X {
> +  X() {}
> +  X(int i_) : i(i_) {}
> +  int i;
> +};
> +
> +struct S {
> +  X x;
> +  // Calls a non-constexpr constructor X::X(int).
> +  constexpr S(int i) : x(i) { } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +  S(int, int) { }
> +  // Target constructor isn't constexpr.
> +  constexpr S() : S(42, 42) { } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +};
> +
> +namespace N1 {
> +struct X {
> +  void x();
> +};
> +struct Y {
> +  X x;
> +  constexpr void y() { x.x(); } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +};
> +}
> +
> +void g();
> +
> +struct A {
> +  constexpr A() { g(); } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +};
> +
> +struct B {
> +  constexpr B& operator=(const B&) { g(); return *this; } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +  constexpr B& operator=(B&&) { g(); return *this; } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +};
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/feat-cxx2b.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/feat-cxx2b.C
> index 85e66871fd1..3ce36e45cb7 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/feat-cxx2b.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/feat-cxx2b.C
> @@ -134,8 +134,8 @@
>   
>   #ifndef __cpp_constexpr
>   #  error "__cpp_constexpr"
> -#elif __cpp_constexpr != 202110
> -#  error "__cpp_constexpr != 202110"
> +#elif __cpp_constexpr != 202207
> +#  error "__cpp_constexpr != 202207"
>   #endif
>   
>   #ifndef __cpp_decltype_auto
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/consteval3.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/consteval3.C
> index 83463868668..627ab142d5a 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/consteval3.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/consteval3.C
> @@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ consteval int
>   f13 (int x)
>   {
>     static int a = 5;		// { dg-error "'a' defined 'static' in 'consteval' function only available with" "" { target c++20_only } }
> -				// { dg-error "'a' defined 'static' in 'constexpr' context" "" { target c++23 } .-1 }
>     thread_local int b = 6;	// { dg-error "'b' defined 'thread_local' in 'consteval' function only available with" "" { target c++20_only } }
>     return x;
>   }
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-new7.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-new7.C
> index bb60a8ee91b..b2c98853882 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-new7.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-new7.C
> @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ void *operator new (std::size_t) noexcept;
>   constexpr bool
>   foo ()
>   {
> -  auto p = static_cast<int *> (::operator new (sizeof (int)));	// { dg-error "call to non-'constexpr' function" }
> +  auto p = static_cast<int *> (::operator new (sizeof (int)));	// { dg-error "call to non-'constexpr' function" "" { target c++20_down } }
>     *p = 1;
>     ::operator delete (p);
>     return false;
> @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ struct S { constexpr S () : s (0) {} int s; };
>   constexpr bool
>   bar ()
>   {
> -  auto p = static_cast<S *> (::operator new (sizeof (S)));	// { dg-error "call to non-'constexpr' function" }
> +  auto p = static_cast<S *> (::operator new (sizeof (S)));	// { dg-error "call to non-'constexpr' function" "" { target c++20_down } }
>     auto q = new (p) S ();
>     q->s++;
>     q->~S ();
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-try5.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-try5.C
> index 216634dc56c..eb66105d7c4 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-try5.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-try5.C
> @@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ constexpr int foo ()
>   try {			// { dg-warning "function-try-block body of 'constexpr' function only available with" "" { target c++17_down } }
>     int a;		// { dg-error "uninitialized variable 'a' in 'constexpr' function" "" { target c++17_down } }
>     static double b = 1.0;// { dg-error "'b' defined 'static' in 'constexpr' function only available with" "" { target c++20_down } }
> -			// { dg-error "'b' defined 'static' in 'constexpr' context" "" { target c++23 } .-1 }
>     goto l;		// { dg-error "'goto' in 'constexpr' function only available with" "" { target c++20_down } }
>     l:;
>     return 0;
> @@ -22,7 +21,6 @@ constexpr int bar ()
>   {
>     int a;		// { dg-error "uninitialized variable 'a' in 'constexpr' function" "" { target c++17_down } }
>     static long double b = 3.0;// { dg-error "'b' defined 'static' in 'constexpr' function only available with" "" { target c++20_down } }
> -			// { dg-error "'b' defined 'static' in 'constexpr' context" "" { target c++23 } .-1 }
>     goto l;		// { dg-error "'goto' in 'constexpr' function only available with" "" { target c++20_down } }
>     l:;
>     try {			// { dg-warning "'try' in 'constexpr' function only available with" "" { target c++17_down } }
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-constexpr1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-constexpr1.C
> index dff59271a1e..fb62ecbfdb5 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-constexpr1.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-constexpr1.C
> @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ struct A
>   struct B
>   {
>     A a;
> -  bool operator==(const B&) const = default; // { dg-error "A::operator==" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
> +  bool operator==(const B&) const = default; // { dg-error "A::operator==" "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } } }
>   };
>   
>   constexpr bool x = B() == B();	// { dg-error "non-.constexpr" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C
> index 7a517a8016c..69eaa7b9b20 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C
> @@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ struct A {
>   struct D
>   {
>     A i;
> -  bool operator==(const D& x) const = default; // { dg-error "A::operator==" }
> -  bool operator!=(const D& z) const = default; // { dg-error "D::operator==" }
> +  bool operator==(const D& x) const = default; // { dg-error "A::operator==" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +  bool operator!=(const D& z) const = default; // { dg-error "D::operator==" "" { target c++20_down } }
>   };
>   
>   constexpr D d{A()};
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/diagnostic/constexpr1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/diagnostic/constexpr1.C
> index c962a60c847..19242d15ba8 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/diagnostic/constexpr1.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/diagnostic/constexpr1.C
> @@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
>   // { dg-do compile { target c++11 } }
>   
>   constexpr int foo() { thread_local int i __attribute__((unused)) {}; return 1; }  // { dg-error "40:.i. defined .thread_local." "" { target c++20_down } }
> -// { dg-error "40:.i. defined .thread_local. in .constexpr. context" "" { target c++23 } .-1 }
>   
>   constexpr int bar() { static int i __attribute__((unused)) {}; return 1; }  // { dg-error "34:.i. defined .static." "" { target c++20_down } }
> -// { dg-error "34:.i. defined .static. in .constexpr. context" "" { target c++23 } .-1 }
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/gomp/pr79664.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/gomp/pr79664.C
> index 582eedb6d6d..f4c30c0b3f4 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/gomp/pr79664.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/gomp/pr79664.C
> @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
>   // PR c++/79664
>   // { dg-do compile }
> -// { dg-options "-std=c++14 -fopenmp" }
> +// { dg-options "-std=c++14 -fopenmp -Winvalid-constexpr -pedantic-errors" }
>   
>   constexpr int
>   f1 ()
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/ubsan/vptr-4.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/ubsan/vptr-4.C
> index a21d3d60a3a..1efd3f77a55 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/ubsan/vptr-4.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/ubsan/vptr-4.C
> @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
>   // Verify that -fsanitize=vptr downcast instrumentation works properly
>   // inside of constexpr.
>   // { dg-do compile }
> -// { dg-options "-std=c++11 -fsanitize=vptr" }
> +// { dg-options "-std=c++11 -fsanitize=vptr -Winvalid-constexpr -pedantic-errors" }
>   
>   struct S {
>     constexpr S() : a(0) {}
> 
> base-commit: 7026d0455dce1092975d4884f450a12a6ed205c7
  
Jason Merrill Nov. 19, 2022, 2:26 a.m. UTC | #2
On 11/16/22 15:27, Jason Merrill wrote:
> On 11/16/22 11:06, Marek Polacek wrote:
>> On Wed, Nov 16, 2022 at 08:41:53AM -0500, Jason Merrill wrote:
>>> On 11/15/22 19:30, Marek Polacek wrote:
>>>> @@ -996,19 +1040,26 @@ register_constexpr_fundef (const 
>>>> constexpr_fundef &value)
>>>>      **slot = value;
>>>>    }
>>>> -/* FUN is a non-constexpr function called in a context that requires a
>>>> -   constant expression.  If it comes from a constexpr template, 
>>>> explain why
>>>> -   the instantiation isn't constexpr.  */
>>>> +/* FUN is a non-constexpr (or, with -Wno-invalid-constexpr, a 
>>>> constexpr
>>>> +   function called in a context that requires a constant expression).
>>>> +   If it comes from a constexpr template, explain why the 
>>>> instantiation
>>>> +   isn't constexpr.  */
>>>
>>> The "if it comes from a constexpr template" wording has needed an 
>>> update for
>>> a while now.
>>
>> Probably ever since r178519.  I've added "Otherwise, explain why the 
>> function
>> cannot be used in a constexpr context."  Is that acceptable?
>>>> --- /dev/null
>>>> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C
>>>> @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
>>>> +// PR c++/106649
>>>> +// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
>>>> +// { dg-do compile { target c++23 } }
>>>> +// { dg-options "-Winvalid-constexpr" }
>>>> +// A copy/move assignment operator for a class X that is defaulted and
>>>> +// not defined as deleted is implicitly defined when it is odr-used,
>>>> +// when it is needed for constant evaluation, or when it is explicitly
>>>> +// defaulted after its first declaration.
>>>> +// The implicitly-defined copy/move assignment operator is constexpr.
>>>> +
>>>> +struct S {
>>>> +  constexpr S() {}
>>>> +  S& operator=(const S&) = default; // #1
>>>> +  S& operator=(S&&) = default; // #2
>>>> +};
>>>> +
>>>> +struct U {
>>>> +  constexpr U& operator=(const U&) = default;
>>>> +  constexpr U& operator=(U&&) = default;
>>>> +};
>>>> +
>>>> +/* FIXME: If we only declare #1 and #2, and default them here:
>>>> +
>>>> +   S& S::operator=(const S&) = default;
>>>> +   S& S::operator=(S&&) = default;
>>>> +
>>>> +then they aren't constexpr.  This sounds like a bug:
>>>> +<https://gcc.gnu.org/PR107598>.  */
>>>
>>> As I commented on the PR, I don't think this is actually a bug, so let's
>>> omit this FIXME.
>>
>> I'm glad I didn't really attempt to "fix" it (the inform message is 
>> flawed
>> and should be improved).  Thanks for taking a look.
>>
>> Here's a version with the two comments updated.
>>
>> Ok?
> 
> OK.

Since this patch I'm seeing these failures:

FAIL: g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C  -std=c++23 -fimplicit-constexpr  at 
line 91 (test for errors, line 89)
FAIL: g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C  -std=gnu++23 
-fimplicit-constexpr  (test for warnings, line 14)
FAIL: g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C  -std=gnu++23 
-fimplicit-constexpr  (test for warnings, line 20)
FAIL: g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C  -std=gnu++23 
-fimplicit-constexpr  (test for warnings, line 28)
FAIL: g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C  -std=gnu++23 
-fimplicit-constexpr  (test for warnings, line 31)
FAIL: g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C  -std=c++23 -fimplicit-constexpr 
(test for excess errors)

Jason
  
Marek Polacek Dec. 2, 2022, 7:48 p.m. UTC | #3
On Fri, Nov 18, 2022 at 09:26:26PM -0500, Jason Merrill wrote:
> On 11/16/22 15:27, Jason Merrill wrote:
> > On 11/16/22 11:06, Marek Polacek wrote:
> > > On Wed, Nov 16, 2022 at 08:41:53AM -0500, Jason Merrill wrote:
> > > > On 11/15/22 19:30, Marek Polacek wrote:
> > > > > @@ -996,19 +1040,26 @@ register_constexpr_fundef (const
> > > > > constexpr_fundef &value)
> > > > >      **slot = value;
> > > > >    }
> > > > > -/* FUN is a non-constexpr function called in a context that requires a
> > > > > -   constant expression.  If it comes from a constexpr
> > > > > template, explain why
> > > > > -   the instantiation isn't constexpr.  */
> > > > > +/* FUN is a non-constexpr (or, with -Wno-invalid-constexpr,
> > > > > a constexpr
> > > > > +   function called in a context that requires a constant expression).
> > > > > +   If it comes from a constexpr template, explain why the
> > > > > instantiation
> > > > > +   isn't constexpr.  */
> > > > 
> > > > The "if it comes from a constexpr template" wording has needed
> > > > an update for
> > > > a while now.
> > > 
> > > Probably ever since r178519.  I've added "Otherwise, explain why the
> > > function
> > > cannot be used in a constexpr context."  Is that acceptable?
> > > > > --- /dev/null
> > > > > +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C
> > > > > @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
> > > > > +// PR c++/106649
> > > > > +// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
> > > > > +// { dg-do compile { target c++23 } }
> > > > > +// { dg-options "-Winvalid-constexpr" }
> > > > > +// A copy/move assignment operator for a class X that is defaulted and
> > > > > +// not defined as deleted is implicitly defined when it is odr-used,
> > > > > +// when it is needed for constant evaluation, or when it is explicitly
> > > > > +// defaulted after its first declaration.
> > > > > +// The implicitly-defined copy/move assignment operator is constexpr.
> > > > > +
> > > > > +struct S {
> > > > > +  constexpr S() {}
> > > > > +  S& operator=(const S&) = default; // #1
> > > > > +  S& operator=(S&&) = default; // #2
> > > > > +};
> > > > > +
> > > > > +struct U {
> > > > > +  constexpr U& operator=(const U&) = default;
> > > > > +  constexpr U& operator=(U&&) = default;
> > > > > +};
> > > > > +
> > > > > +/* FIXME: If we only declare #1 and #2, and default them here:
> > > > > +
> > > > > +   S& S::operator=(const S&) = default;
> > > > > +   S& S::operator=(S&&) = default;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +then they aren't constexpr.  This sounds like a bug:
> > > > > +<https://gcc.gnu.org/PR107598>.  */
> > > > 
> > > > As I commented on the PR, I don't think this is actually a bug, so let's
> > > > omit this FIXME.
> > > 
> > > I'm glad I didn't really attempt to "fix" it (the inform message is
> > > flawed
> > > and should be improved).  Thanks for taking a look.
> > > 
> > > Here's a version with the two comments updated.
> > > 
> > > Ok?
> > 
> > OK.
> 
> Since this patch I'm seeing these failures:
> 
> FAIL: g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C  -std=c++23 -fimplicit-constexpr  at line
> 91 (test for errors, line 89)
> FAIL: g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C  -std=gnu++23 -fimplicit-constexpr
> (test for warnings, line 14)
> FAIL: g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C  -std=gnu++23 -fimplicit-constexpr
> (test for warnings, line 20)
> FAIL: g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C  -std=gnu++23 -fimplicit-constexpr
> (test for warnings, line 28)
> FAIL: g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C  -std=gnu++23 -fimplicit-constexpr
> (test for warnings, line 31)
> FAIL: g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C  -std=c++23 -fimplicit-constexpr (test
> for excess errors)

Ah, sorry.  The following patch fixes those fails.

Ok?

-- >8 --
Some of the new tests were failing with -fimplicit-constexpr.  This
patch adjusts the expected diagnostic.  Tested with

GXX_TESTSUITE_STDS=98,11,14,17,20,23 make check-c++ RUNTESTFLAGS="--target_board=unix\{,-fimplicit-constexpr\} dg.exp=spaceship-eq3.C"

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C: Adjust dg-error.
	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C: Adjust dg-warning.
	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C: Likewise.
	* g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C: Add dg-error.
---
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C      | 6 +++---
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C | 4 ++--
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C | 4 ++--
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C      | 1 +
 4 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C
index 48281a47784..383d38a42d4 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ struct resource {
   }
 };
 constexpr resource f(resource d)
-{ return d; }                  // { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } } }
-// { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target c++23 } .-2 }
-constexpr resource d = f(9);   // { dg-message ".constexpr." "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
+{ return d; }                  // { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target { { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } || c++11_only } } }
+// { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target { c++23 && { ! implicit_constexpr } } } .-2 }
+constexpr resource d = f(9);   // { dg-message ".constexpr." "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } || c++11_only } } }
 
 // 4.4 floating-point constant expressions
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C
index 48706f7b66e..31d4b873bbf 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ struct NonLiteral {
 // C++23: It is possible to write a constexpr function for which no
 // invocation satisfies the requirements of a core constant expression.
 constexpr NonLiteral
-fn0 (int) // { dg-warning "invalid return type" }
+fn0 (int) // { dg-warning "invalid return type" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
 {
   return NonLiteral{};
 }
 
 constexpr int
-fn1 (NonLiteral) // { dg-warning "invalid type" }
+fn1 (NonLiteral) // { dg-warning "invalid type" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
 {
   return 42;
 }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C
index a7114bc66cb..e08809f873c 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ struct X {
 struct S {
   X x;
   // Calls a non-constexpr constructor X::X(int).
-  constexpr S(int i) : x(i) { } // { dg-warning "call to" }
+  constexpr S(int i) : x(i) { } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
   S(int, int) { }
   // Target constructor isn't constexpr.
-  constexpr S() : S(42, 42) { } // { dg-warning "call to" }
+  constexpr S() : S(42, 42) { } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
 };
 
 namespace N1 {
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C
index 69eaa7b9b20..246839f1f95 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ struct D
   A i;
   bool operator==(const D& x) const = default; // { dg-error "A::operator==" "" { target c++20_down } }
   bool operator!=(const D& z) const = default; // { dg-error "D::operator==" "" { target c++20_down } }
+// { dg-error "called" "" { target { c++23 && implicit_constexpr } } .-1 }
 };
 
 constexpr D d{A()};

base-commit: d19aa6af6634b1e97f38431ad091f3b3f12baf2f
  
Jason Merrill Dec. 2, 2022, 8:01 p.m. UTC | #4
On 12/2/22 14:48, Marek Polacek wrote:
> On Fri, Nov 18, 2022 at 09:26:26PM -0500, Jason Merrill wrote:
>> On 11/16/22 15:27, Jason Merrill wrote:
>>> On 11/16/22 11:06, Marek Polacek wrote:
>>>> On Wed, Nov 16, 2022 at 08:41:53AM -0500, Jason Merrill wrote:
>>>>> On 11/15/22 19:30, Marek Polacek wrote:
>>>>>> @@ -996,19 +1040,26 @@ register_constexpr_fundef (const
>>>>>> constexpr_fundef &value)
>>>>>>       **slot = value;
>>>>>>     }
>>>>>> -/* FUN is a non-constexpr function called in a context that requires a
>>>>>> -   constant expression.  If it comes from a constexpr
>>>>>> template, explain why
>>>>>> -   the instantiation isn't constexpr.  */
>>>>>> +/* FUN is a non-constexpr (or, with -Wno-invalid-constexpr,
>>>>>> a constexpr
>>>>>> +   function called in a context that requires a constant expression).
>>>>>> +   If it comes from a constexpr template, explain why the
>>>>>> instantiation
>>>>>> +   isn't constexpr.  */
>>>>>
>>>>> The "if it comes from a constexpr template" wording has needed
>>>>> an update for
>>>>> a while now.
>>>>
>>>> Probably ever since r178519.  I've added "Otherwise, explain why the
>>>> function
>>>> cannot be used in a constexpr context."  Is that acceptable?
>>>>>> --- /dev/null
>>>>>> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C
>>>>>> @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
>>>>>> +// PR c++/106649
>>>>>> +// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
>>>>>> +// { dg-do compile { target c++23 } }
>>>>>> +// { dg-options "-Winvalid-constexpr" }
>>>>>> +// A copy/move assignment operator for a class X that is defaulted and
>>>>>> +// not defined as deleted is implicitly defined when it is odr-used,
>>>>>> +// when it is needed for constant evaluation, or when it is explicitly
>>>>>> +// defaulted after its first declaration.
>>>>>> +// The implicitly-defined copy/move assignment operator is constexpr.
>>>>>> +
>>>>>> +struct S {
>>>>>> +  constexpr S() {}
>>>>>> +  S& operator=(const S&) = default; // #1
>>>>>> +  S& operator=(S&&) = default; // #2
>>>>>> +};
>>>>>> +
>>>>>> +struct U {
>>>>>> +  constexpr U& operator=(const U&) = default;
>>>>>> +  constexpr U& operator=(U&&) = default;
>>>>>> +};
>>>>>> +
>>>>>> +/* FIXME: If we only declare #1 and #2, and default them here:
>>>>>> +
>>>>>> +   S& S::operator=(const S&) = default;
>>>>>> +   S& S::operator=(S&&) = default;
>>>>>> +
>>>>>> +then they aren't constexpr.  This sounds like a bug:
>>>>>> +<https://gcc.gnu.org/PR107598>.  */
>>>>>
>>>>> As I commented on the PR, I don't think this is actually a bug, so let's
>>>>> omit this FIXME.
>>>>
>>>> I'm glad I didn't really attempt to "fix" it (the inform message is
>>>> flawed
>>>> and should be improved).  Thanks for taking a look.
>>>>
>>>> Here's a version with the two comments updated.
>>>>
>>>> Ok?
>>>
>>> OK.
>>
>> Since this patch I'm seeing these failures:
>>
>> FAIL: g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C  -std=c++23 -fimplicit-constexpr  at line
>> 91 (test for errors, line 89)
>> FAIL: g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C  -std=gnu++23 -fimplicit-constexpr
>> (test for warnings, line 14)
>> FAIL: g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C  -std=gnu++23 -fimplicit-constexpr
>> (test for warnings, line 20)
>> FAIL: g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C  -std=gnu++23 -fimplicit-constexpr
>> (test for warnings, line 28)
>> FAIL: g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C  -std=gnu++23 -fimplicit-constexpr
>> (test for warnings, line 31)
>> FAIL: g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C  -std=c++23 -fimplicit-constexpr (test
>> for excess errors)
> 
> Ah, sorry.  The following patch fixes those fails.
> 
> Ok?

OK, thanks.

> -- >8 --
> Some of the new tests were failing with -fimplicit-constexpr.  This
> patch adjusts the expected diagnostic.  Tested with
> 
> GXX_TESTSUITE_STDS=98,11,14,17,20,23 make check-c++ RUNTESTFLAGS="--target_board=unix\{,-fimplicit-constexpr\} dg.exp=spaceship-eq3.C"
> 
> gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:
> 
> 	* g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C: Adjust dg-error.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C: Adjust dg-warning.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C: Likewise.
> 	* g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C: Add dg-error.
> ---
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C      | 6 +++---
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C | 4 ++--
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C | 4 ++--
>   gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C      | 1 +
>   4 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C
> index 48281a47784..383d38a42d4 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C
> @@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ struct resource {
>     }
>   };
>   constexpr resource f(resource d)
> -{ return d; }                  // { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } } }
> -// { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target c++23 } .-2 }
> -constexpr resource d = f(9);   // { dg-message ".constexpr." "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
> +{ return d; }                  // { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target { { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } || c++11_only } } }
> +// { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target { c++23 && { ! implicit_constexpr } } } .-2 }
> +constexpr resource d = f(9);   // { dg-message ".constexpr." "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } || c++11_only } } }
>   
>   // 4.4 floating-point constant expressions
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C
> index 48706f7b66e..31d4b873bbf 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C
> @@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ struct NonLiteral {
>   // C++23: It is possible to write a constexpr function for which no
>   // invocation satisfies the requirements of a core constant expression.
>   constexpr NonLiteral
> -fn0 (int) // { dg-warning "invalid return type" }
> +fn0 (int) // { dg-warning "invalid return type" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
>   {
>     return NonLiteral{};
>   }
>   
>   constexpr int
> -fn1 (NonLiteral) // { dg-warning "invalid type" }
> +fn1 (NonLiteral) // { dg-warning "invalid type" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
>   {
>     return 42;
>   }
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C
> index a7114bc66cb..e08809f873c 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C
> @@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ struct X {
>   struct S {
>     X x;
>     // Calls a non-constexpr constructor X::X(int).
> -  constexpr S(int i) : x(i) { } // { dg-warning "call to" }
> +  constexpr S(int i) : x(i) { } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
>     S(int, int) { }
>     // Target constructor isn't constexpr.
> -  constexpr S() : S(42, 42) { } // { dg-warning "call to" }
> +  constexpr S() : S(42, 42) { } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
>   };
>   
>   namespace N1 {
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C
> index 69eaa7b9b20..246839f1f95 100644
> --- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C
> @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ struct D
>     A i;
>     bool operator==(const D& x) const = default; // { dg-error "A::operator==" "" { target c++20_down } }
>     bool operator!=(const D& z) const = default; // { dg-error "D::operator==" "" { target c++20_down } }
> +// { dg-error "called" "" { target { c++23 && implicit_constexpr } } .-1 }
>   };
>   
>   constexpr D d{A()};
> 
> base-commit: d19aa6af6634b1e97f38431ad091f3b3f12baf2f
  

Patch

diff --git a/gcc/c-family/c-cppbuiltin.cc b/gcc/c-family/c-cppbuiltin.cc
index f0be0598190..26447d02097 100644
--- a/gcc/c-family/c-cppbuiltin.cc
+++ b/gcc/c-family/c-cppbuiltin.cc
@@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@  c_cpp_builtins (cpp_reader *pfile)
 	  /* Set feature test macros for C++23.  */
 	  cpp_define (pfile, "__cpp_size_t_suffix=202011L");
 	  cpp_define (pfile, "__cpp_if_consteval=202106L");
-	  cpp_define (pfile, "__cpp_constexpr=202110L");
+	  cpp_define (pfile, "__cpp_constexpr=202207L");
 	  cpp_define (pfile, "__cpp_multidimensional_subscript=202211L");
 	  cpp_define (pfile, "__cpp_named_character_escapes=202207L");
 	  cpp_define (pfile, "__cpp_static_call_operator=202207L");
diff --git a/gcc/c-family/c-opts.cc b/gcc/c-family/c-opts.cc
index bc1f85e3b85..70745aa4e7c 100644
--- a/gcc/c-family/c-opts.cc
+++ b/gcc/c-family/c-opts.cc
@@ -1059,6 +1059,10 @@  c_common_post_options (const char **pfilename)
   if (flag_sized_deallocation == -1)
     flag_sized_deallocation = (cxx_dialect >= cxx14);
 
+  /* Pedwarn about invalid constexpr functions before C++23.  */
+  if (warn_invalid_constexpr == -1)
+    warn_invalid_constexpr = (cxx_dialect < cxx23);
+
   /* char8_t support is implicitly enabled in C++20 and C2X.  */
   if (flag_char8_t == -1)
     flag_char8_t = (cxx_dialect >= cxx20) || flag_isoc2x;
diff --git a/gcc/c-family/c.opt b/gcc/c-family/c.opt
index 63a300ecd7c..3daeab85531 100644
--- a/gcc/c-family/c.opt
+++ b/gcc/c-family/c.opt
@@ -817,6 +817,10 @@  Wint-to-pointer-cast
 C ObjC C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_int_to_pointer_cast) Init(1) Warning
 Warn when there is a cast to a pointer from an integer of a different size.
 
+Winvalid-constexpr
+C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_invalid_constexpr) Init(-1) Warning
+Warn when a function never produces a constant expression.
+
 Winvalid-offsetof
 C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_invalid_offsetof) Init(1) Warning
 Warn about invalid uses of the \"offsetof\" macro.
diff --git a/gcc/cp/constexpr.cc b/gcc/cp/constexpr.cc
index e665839f5b1..a390cf921f3 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/constexpr.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/constexpr.cc
@@ -139,6 +139,42 @@  ensure_literal_type_for_constexpr_object (tree decl)
   return decl;
 }
 
+/* Issue a diagnostic with text GMSGID for constructs that are invalid in
+   constexpr functions.  CONSTEXPR_FUNDEF_P is true if we're checking
+   a constexpr function body; if so, don't report hard errors and issue
+   a pedwarn pre-C++23, or a warning in C++23, if requested by
+   -Winvalid-constexpr.  Otherwise, we're not in the context where we are
+   checking if a function can be marked 'constexpr', so give a hard error.  */
+
+ATTRIBUTE_GCC_DIAG(3,4)
+static bool
+constexpr_error (location_t location, bool constexpr_fundef_p,
+		 const char *gmsgid, ...)
+{
+  diagnostic_info diagnostic;
+  va_list ap;
+  rich_location richloc (line_table, location);
+  va_start (ap, gmsgid);
+  bool ret;
+  if (!constexpr_fundef_p)
+    {
+      /* Report an error that cannot be suppressed.  */
+      diagnostic_set_info (&diagnostic, gmsgid, &ap, &richloc, DK_ERROR);
+      ret = diagnostic_report_diagnostic (global_dc, &diagnostic);
+    }
+  else if (warn_invalid_constexpr)
+    {
+      diagnostic_set_info (&diagnostic, gmsgid, &ap, &richloc,
+			   cxx_dialect < cxx23 ? DK_PEDWARN : DK_WARNING);
+      diagnostic.option_index = OPT_Winvalid_constexpr;
+      ret = diagnostic_report_diagnostic (global_dc, &diagnostic);
+    }
+  else
+    ret = false;
+  va_end (ap);
+  return ret;
+}
+
 struct constexpr_fundef_hasher : ggc_ptr_hash<constexpr_fundef>
 {
   static hashval_t hash (const constexpr_fundef *);
@@ -208,9 +244,11 @@  is_valid_constexpr_fn (tree fun, bool complain)
 	    if (complain)
 	      {
 		auto_diagnostic_group d;
-		error ("invalid type for parameter %d of %<constexpr%> "
-		       "function %q+#D", DECL_PARM_INDEX (parm), fun);
-		explain_non_literal_class (TREE_TYPE (parm));
+		if (constexpr_error (input_location, /*constexpr_fundef_p*/true,
+				     "invalid type for parameter %d of "
+				     "%<constexpr%> function %q+#D",
+				     DECL_PARM_INDEX (parm), fun))
+		  explain_non_literal_class (TREE_TYPE (parm));
 	      }
 	  }
     }
@@ -242,9 +280,10 @@  is_valid_constexpr_fn (tree fun, bool complain)
 	  if (complain)
 	    {
 	      auto_diagnostic_group d;
-	      error ("invalid return type %qT of %<constexpr%> function %q+D",
-		     rettype, fun);
-	      explain_non_literal_class (rettype);
+	      if (constexpr_error (input_location, /*constexpr_fundef_p*/true,
+				   "invalid return type %qT of %<constexpr%> "
+				   "function %q+D", rettype, fun))
+		explain_non_literal_class (rettype);
 	    }
 	}
 
@@ -918,7 +957,7 @@  maybe_save_constexpr_fundef (tree fun)
 
   bool potential = potential_rvalue_constant_expression (massaged);
   if (!potential && complain)
-    require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression (massaged);
+    require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck (massaged);
 
   if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (fun) && potential
       && !DECL_DEFAULTED_FN (fun))
@@ -933,11 +972,16 @@  maybe_save_constexpr_fundef (tree fun)
 	  massaged = DECL_SAVED_TREE (fun);
 	  potential = potential_rvalue_constant_expression (massaged);
 	  if (!potential && complain)
-	    require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression (massaged);
+	    require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck (massaged);
 	}
     }
 
-  if (!potential && complain)
+  if (!potential && complain
+      /* If -Wno-invalid-constexpr was specified, we haven't complained
+	 about non-constant expressions yet.  Register the function and
+	 complain in explain_invalid_constexpr_fn if the function is
+	 called.  */
+      && warn_invalid_constexpr != 0)
     return;
 
   if (implicit)
@@ -996,19 +1040,27 @@  register_constexpr_fundef (const constexpr_fundef &value)
   **slot = value;
 }
 
-/* FUN is a non-constexpr function called in a context that requires a
-   constant expression.  If it comes from a constexpr template, explain why
-   the instantiation isn't constexpr.  */
+/* FUN is a non-constexpr (or, with -Wno-invalid-constexpr, a constexpr
+   function called in a context that requires a constant expression).
+   If it comes from a constexpr template, explain why the instantiation
+   isn't constexpr.  Otherwise, explain why the function cannot be used
+   in a constexpr context.  */
 
 void
 explain_invalid_constexpr_fn (tree fun)
 {
   static hash_set<tree> *diagnosed;
   tree body;
+  /* In C++23, a function marked 'constexpr' may not actually be a constant
+     expression.  We haven't diagnosed the problem yet: -Winvalid-constexpr
+     wasn't enabled.  The function was called, so diagnose why it cannot be
+     used in a constant expression.  */
+  if (warn_invalid_constexpr == 0 && DECL_DECLARED_CONSTEXPR_P (fun))
+    /* Go on.  */;
   /* Only diagnose defaulted functions, lambdas, or instantiations.  */
-  if (!DECL_DEFAULTED_FN (fun)
-      && !LAMBDA_TYPE_P (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (fun))
-      && !is_instantiation_of_constexpr (fun))
+  else if (!DECL_DEFAULTED_FN (fun)
+	   && !LAMBDA_TYPE_P (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (fun))
+	   && !is_instantiation_of_constexpr (fun))
     {
       inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fun), "%qD declared here", fun);
       return;
@@ -5612,11 +5664,12 @@  cxx_eval_indirect_ref (const constexpr_ctx *ctx, tree t,
 }
 
 /* Complain about R, a VAR_DECL, not being usable in a constant expression.
+   FUNDEF_P is true if we're checking a constexpr function body.
    Shared between potential_constant_expression and
    cxx_eval_constant_expression.  */
 
 static void
-non_const_var_error (location_t loc, tree r)
+non_const_var_error (location_t loc, tree r, bool fundef_p)
 {
   auto_diagnostic_group d;
   tree type = TREE_TYPE (r);
@@ -5625,20 +5678,21 @@  non_const_var_error (location_t loc, tree r)
       || DECL_NAME (r) == heap_vec_uninit_identifier
       || DECL_NAME (r) == heap_vec_identifier)
     {
-      error_at (loc, "the content of uninitialized storage is not usable "
-		"in a constant expression");
-      inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (r), "allocated here");
+      if (constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "the content of uninitialized "
+			   "storage is not usable in a constant expression"))
+	inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (r), "allocated here");
       return;
     }
   if (DECL_NAME (r) == heap_deleted_identifier)
     {
-      error_at (loc, "use of allocated storage after deallocation in a "
-		"constant expression");
-      inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (r), "allocated here");
+      if (constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "use of allocated storage after "
+			   "deallocation in a constant expression"))
+	inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (r), "allocated here");
       return;
     }
-  error_at (loc, "the value of %qD is not usable in a constant "
-	    "expression", r);
+  if (!constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "the value of %qD is not usable in "
+			"a constant expression", r))
+    return;
   /* Avoid error cascade.  */
   if (DECL_INITIAL (r) == error_mark_node)
     return;
@@ -6697,15 +6751,17 @@  lookup_placeholder (const constexpr_ctx *ctx, value_cat lval, tree type)
   return ob;
 }
 
-/* Complain about an attempt to evaluate inline assembly.  */
+/* Complain about an attempt to evaluate inline assembly.  If FUNDEF_P is
+   true, we're checking a constexpr function body.  */
 
 static void
-inline_asm_in_constexpr_error (location_t loc)
+inline_asm_in_constexpr_error (location_t loc, bool fundef_p)
 {
   auto_diagnostic_group d;
-  error_at (loc, "inline assembly is not a constant expression");
-  inform (loc, "only unevaluated inline assembly is allowed in a "
-	  "%<constexpr%> function in C++20");
+  if (constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "inline assembly is not a "
+		       "constant expression"))
+    inform (loc, "only unevaluated inline assembly is allowed in a "
+	    "%<constexpr%> function in C++20");
 }
 
 /* We're getting the constant value of DECL in a manifestly constant-evaluated
@@ -6983,7 +7039,7 @@  cxx_eval_constant_expression (const constexpr_ctx *ctx, tree t,
       if (DECL_P (r))
 	{
 	  if (!ctx->quiet)
-	    non_const_var_error (loc, r);
+	    non_const_var_error (loc, r, /*fundef_p*/false);
 	  *non_constant_p = true;
 	}
       break;
@@ -7874,7 +7930,7 @@  cxx_eval_constant_expression (const constexpr_ctx *ctx, tree t,
 
     case ASM_EXPR:
       if (!ctx->quiet)
-	inline_asm_in_constexpr_error (loc);
+	inline_asm_in_constexpr_error (loc, /*constexpr_fundef_p*/false);
       *non_constant_p = true;
       return t;
 
@@ -8759,7 +8815,8 @@  check_for_return_continue (tree *tp, int *walk_subtrees, void *data)
    diagnostic as appropriate under control of FLAGS.  If WANT_RVAL is true,
    an lvalue-rvalue conversion is implied.  If NOW is true, we want to
    consider the expression in the current context, independent of constexpr
-   substitution.
+   substitution.  If FUNDEF_P is true, we're checking a constexpr function body
+   and hard errors should not be reported by constexpr_error.
 
    C++0x [expr.const] used to say
 
@@ -8776,10 +8833,12 @@  check_for_return_continue (tree *tp, int *walk_subtrees, void *data)
 
 static bool
 potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
-				 tsubst_flags_t flags, tree *jump_target)
+				 bool fundef_p, tsubst_flags_t flags,
+				 tree *jump_target)
 {
 #define RECUR(T,RV) \
-  potential_constant_expression_1 ((T), (RV), strict, now, flags, jump_target)
+  potential_constant_expression_1 ((T), (RV), strict, now, fundef_p, flags, \
+				   jump_target)
 
   enum { any = false, rval = true };
   int i;
@@ -8801,8 +8860,9 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
   if (TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (t) && want_rval)
     {
       if (flags & tf_error)
-	error_at (loc, "lvalue-to-rvalue conversion of a volatile lvalue "
-		  "%qE with type %qT", t, TREE_TYPE (t));
+	constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "lvalue-to-rvalue conversion of "
+			 "a volatile lvalue %qE with type %qT", t,
+			 TREE_TYPE (t));
       return false;
     }
   if (CONSTANT_CLASS_P (t))
@@ -8861,7 +8921,8 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	    /* An empty class has no data to read.  */
 	    return true;
 	  if (flags & tf_error)
-	    error ("%qE is not a constant expression", t);
+	    constexpr_error (input_location, fundef_p,
+			     "%qE is not a constant expression", t);
 	  return false;
 	}
       return true;
@@ -8910,7 +8971,8 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	      {
 		/* fold_call_expr can't do anything with IFN calls.  */
 		if (flags & tf_error)
-		  error_at (loc, "call to internal function %qE", t);
+		  constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p,
+				   "call to internal function %qE", t);
 		return false;
 	      }
 	  }
@@ -8940,12 +9002,11 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 			|| !is_std_construct_at (current_function_decl))
 		    && !cxx_dynamic_cast_fn_p (fun))
 		  {
-		    if (flags & tf_error)
-		      {
-			error_at (loc, "call to non-%<constexpr%> function %qD",
-				  fun);
-			explain_invalid_constexpr_fn (fun);
-		      }
+		    if ((flags & tf_error)
+			&& constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p,
+					    "call to non-%<constexpr%> "
+					    "function %qD", fun))
+		      explain_invalid_constexpr_fn (fun);
 		    return false;
 		  }
 		/* A call to a non-static member function takes the address
@@ -8962,8 +9023,8 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 		       constexpr substitution might not use the value.  */
 		    bool sub_now = false;
 		    if (!potential_constant_expression_1 (x, rval, strict,
-							  sub_now, flags,
-							  jump_target))
+							  sub_now, fundef_p,
+							  flags, jump_target))
 		      return false;
 		    i = 1;
 		  }
@@ -8997,7 +9058,8 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	       substitution might not use the value of the argument.  */
 	    bool sub_now = false;
 	    if (!potential_constant_expression_1 (x, rv, strict,
-						  sub_now, flags, jump_target))
+						  sub_now, fundef_p, flags,
+						  jump_target))
 	      return false;
           }
         return true;
@@ -9035,9 +9097,10 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	      if (flags & tf_error)
 		{
 		  tree cap = DECL_CAPTURED_VARIABLE (t);
-		  error ("lambda capture of %qE is not a constant expression",
-			 cap);
-		  if (decl_constant_var_p (cap))
+		  if (constexpr_error (input_location, fundef_p,
+				       "lambda capture of %qE is not a "
+				       "constant expression", cap)
+		      && decl_constant_var_p (cap))
 		    inform (input_location, "because it is used as a glvalue");
 		}
 	      return false;
@@ -9060,8 +9123,8 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	  && COMPLETE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (t))
 	  && !is_really_empty_class (TREE_TYPE (t), /*ignore_vptr*/false))
         {
-          if (flags & tf_error)
-	    non_const_var_error (loc, t);
+	  if (flags & tf_error)
+	    non_const_var_error (loc, t, fundef_p);
           return false;
         }
       return true;
@@ -9070,7 +9133,8 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
       if (REINTERPRET_CAST_P (t))
 	{
 	  if (flags & tf_error)
-	    error_at (loc, "%<reinterpret_cast%> is not a constant expression");
+	    constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "%<reinterpret_cast%> is not a "
+			     "constant expression");
 	  return false;
 	}
       /* FALLTHRU */
@@ -9092,8 +9156,9 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 		&& !integer_zerop (from))
 	      {
 		if (flags & tf_error)
-		  error_at (loc,
-			    "%<reinterpret_cast%> from integer to pointer");
+		  constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p,
+				   "%<reinterpret_cast%> from integer to "
+				   "pointer");
 		return false;
 	      }
 	  }
@@ -9165,7 +9230,8 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	    if (!var_in_maybe_constexpr_fn (x))
 	      {
 		if (flags & tf_error)
-		  error_at (loc, "use of %<this%> in a constant expression");
+		  constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "use of %<this%> in a "
+				   "constant expression");
 		return false;
 	      }
 	    return true;
@@ -9313,8 +9379,8 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	/* In C++17 lambdas can be constexpr, don't give up yet.  */
 	return true;
       else if (flags & tf_error)
-	error_at (loc, "lambda-expression is not a constant expression "
-		  "before C++17");
+	constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "lambda-expression is not a "
+			 "constant expression before C++17");
       return false;
 
     case NEW_EXPR:
@@ -9325,8 +9391,8 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	/* In C++20, new-expressions are potentially constant.  */
 	return true;
       else if (flags & tf_error)
-	error_at (loc, "new-expression is not a constant expression "
-		  "before C++20");
+	constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "new-expression is not a "
+			 "constant expression before C++20");
       return false;
 
     case DYNAMIC_CAST_EXPR:
@@ -9375,12 +9441,13 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
     case AT_ENCODE_EXPR:
     fail:
       if (flags & tf_error)
-	error_at (loc, "expression %qE is not a constant expression", t);
+	 constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "expression %qE is not a constant "
+			  "expression", t);
       return false;
 
     case ASM_EXPR:
       if (flags & tf_error)
-	inline_asm_in_constexpr_error (loc);
+	inline_asm_in_constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p);
       return false;
 
     case OBJ_TYPE_REF:
@@ -9388,8 +9455,8 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	/* In C++20 virtual calls can be constexpr, don't give up yet.  */
 	return true;
       else if (flags & tf_error)
-	error_at (loc,
-		  "virtual functions cannot be %<constexpr%> before C++20");
+	constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "virtual functions cannot be "
+			 "%<constexpr%> before C++20");
       return false;
 
     case TYPEID_EXPR:
@@ -9404,8 +9471,9 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	    && TYPE_POLYMORPHIC_P (TREE_TYPE (e)))
           {
             if (flags & tf_error)
-	      error_at (loc, "%<typeid%> is not a constant expression "
-			"because %qE is of polymorphic type", e);
+	      constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "%<typeid%> is not a "
+			       "constant expression because %qE is "
+			       "of polymorphic type", e);
             return false;
           }
         return true;
@@ -9465,9 +9533,9 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	   constant expression.  */
 	{
 	  if (flags & tf_error)
-	    error_at (loc,
-		      "cast to non-integral type %qT in a constant expression",
-		      TREE_TYPE (t));
+	    constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p,
+			     "cast to non-integral type %qT in a constant "
+			     "expression", TREE_TYPE (t));
 	  return false;
 	}
       /* This might be a conversion from a class to a (potentially) literal
@@ -9523,15 +9591,17 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	  if (CP_DECL_THREAD_LOCAL_P (tmp) && !DECL_REALLY_EXTERN (tmp))
 	    {
 	      if (flags & tf_error)
-		error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (tmp), "%qD defined "
-			  "%<thread_local%> in %<constexpr%> context", tmp);
+		constexpr_error (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (tmp), fundef_p,
+				 "%qD defined %<thread_local%> in "
+				 "%<constexpr%> context", tmp);
 	      return false;
 	    }
 	  else if (TREE_STATIC (tmp))
 	    {
 	      if (flags & tf_error)
-		error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (tmp), "%qD defined "
-			  "%<static%> in %<constexpr%> context", tmp);
+		constexpr_error (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (tmp), fundef_p,
+				 "%qD defined %<static%> in %<constexpr%> "
+				 "context", tmp);
 	      return false;
 	    }
 	  else if (!check_for_uninitialized_const_var
@@ -9554,9 +9624,10 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	  if (flags & tf_error)
 	    {
 	      auto_diagnostic_group d;
-	      error_at (loc, "temporary of non-literal type %qT in a "
-			"constant expression", TREE_TYPE (t));
-	      explain_non_literal_class (TREE_TYPE (t));
+	      if (constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p,
+				   "temporary of non-literal type %qT in a "
+				   "constant expression", TREE_TYPE (t)))
+		explain_non_literal_class (TREE_TYPE (t));
 	    }
 	  return false;
 	}
@@ -9603,7 +9674,8 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	if (integer_zerop (denom))
 	  {
 	    if (flags & tf_error)
-	      error ("division by zero is not a constant expression");
+	      constexpr_error (input_location, fundef_p,
+			       "division by zero is not a constant expression");
 	    return false;
 	  }
 	else
@@ -9704,7 +9776,8 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
       if (COND_EXPR_IS_VEC_DELETE (t) && cxx_dialect < cxx20)
 	{
 	  if (flags & tf_error)
-	    error_at (loc, "%<delete[]%> is not a constant expression");
+	    constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "%<delete[]%> is not a "
+			     "constant expression");
 	  return false;
 	}
       /* Fall through.  */
@@ -9734,7 +9807,7 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	{
 	  tree this_jump_target = tmp;
 	  if (potential_constant_expression_1 (TREE_OPERAND (t, i),
-					       want_rval, strict, now,
+					       want_rval, strict, now, fundef_p,
 					       tf_none, &this_jump_target))
 	    {
 	      if (returns (&this_jump_target))
@@ -9772,9 +9845,11 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
       if (flags & tf_error)
 	{
 	  if (TREE_CODE (t) == IF_STMT)
-	    error_at (loc, "neither branch of %<if%> is a constant expression");
+	    constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "neither branch of %<if%> is a "
+			     "constant expression");
 	  else
-	    error_at (loc, "expression %qE is not a constant expression", t);
+	    constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "expression %qE is not a "
+			     "constant expression", t);
 	}
       return false;
 
@@ -9783,8 +9858,9 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	return true;
       if (flags & tf_error)
 	{
-	  error_at (loc, "non-constant array initialization");
-	  diagnose_non_constexpr_vec_init (t);
+	  if (constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "non-constant array "
+			       "initialization"))
+	    diagnose_non_constexpr_vec_init (t);
 	}
       return false;
 
@@ -9813,7 +9889,8 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	    return true;
 	  }
 	if (flags & tf_error)
-	  error_at (loc, "%<goto%> is not a constant expression");
+	  constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "%<goto%> is not a constant "
+			   "expression");
 	return false;
       }
 
@@ -9822,8 +9899,9 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
       if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (t) || cxx_dialect >= cxx23)
 	return true;
       else if (flags & tf_error)
-	error_at (loc, "label definition in %<constexpr%> function only "
-		       "available with %<-std=c++2b%> or %<-std=gnu++2b%>");
+	constexpr_error (loc, fundef_p, "label definition in %<constexpr%> "
+			 "function only available with %<-std=c++2b%> or "
+			 "%<-std=gnu++2b%>");
       return false;
 
     case ANNOTATE_EXPR:
@@ -9861,7 +9939,7 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 
 bool
 potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
-				 tsubst_flags_t flags)
+				 bool fundef_p, tsubst_flags_t flags)
 {
   if (flags & tf_error)
     {
@@ -9869,13 +9947,14 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 	 efficiently in some cases (currently only for TRUTH_*_EXPR).  If
 	 that fails, replay the check noisily to give errors.  */
       flags &= ~tf_error;
-      if (potential_constant_expression_1 (t, want_rval, strict, now, flags))
+      if (potential_constant_expression_1 (t, want_rval, strict, now, fundef_p,
+					   flags))
 	return true;
       flags |= tf_error;
     }
 
   tree target = NULL_TREE;
-  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, want_rval, strict, now,
+  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, want_rval, strict, now, fundef_p,
 					  flags, &target);
 }
 
@@ -9884,7 +9963,9 @@  potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool want_rval, bool strict, bool now,
 bool
 potential_constant_expression (tree t)
 {
-  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, false, true, false, tf_none);
+  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/false, /*strict*/true,
+					  /*now*/false, /*fundef_p*/false,
+					  tf_none);
 }
 
 /* As above, but require a constant rvalue.  */
@@ -9892,7 +9973,9 @@  potential_constant_expression (tree t)
 bool
 potential_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
 {
-  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, true, true, false, tf_none);
+  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/true, /*strict*/true,
+					  /*now*/false, /*fundef_p*/false,
+					  tf_none);
 }
 
 /* Like above, but complain about non-constant expressions.  */
@@ -9900,7 +9983,8 @@  potential_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
 bool
 require_potential_constant_expression (tree t)
 {
-  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, false, true, false,
+  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/false, /*strict*/true,
+					  /*now*/false, /*fundef_p*/false,
 					  tf_warning_or_error);
 }
 
@@ -9909,7 +9993,18 @@  require_potential_constant_expression (tree t)
 bool
 require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
 {
-  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, true, true, false,
+  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/true, /*strict*/true,
+					  /*now*/false, /*fundef_p*/false,
+					  tf_warning_or_error);
+}
+
+/* Like require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression, but fundef_p is true.  */
+
+bool
+require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck (tree t)
+{
+  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/true, /*strict*/true,
+					  /*now*/false, /*fundef_p*/true,
 					  tf_warning_or_error);
 }
 
@@ -9918,7 +10013,8 @@  require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
 bool
 require_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
 {
-  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, true, true, true,
+  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/true, /*strict*/true,
+					  /*now*/true, /*fundef_p*/false,
 					  tf_warning_or_error);
 }
 
@@ -9932,7 +10028,9 @@  require_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
 bool
 is_constant_expression (tree t)
 {
-  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, false, true, true, tf_none);
+  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/false, /*strict*/true,
+					  /*now*/true, /*fundef_p*/false,
+					  tf_none);
 }
 
 /* As above, but expect an rvalue.  */
@@ -9940,7 +10038,9 @@  is_constant_expression (tree t)
 bool
 is_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
 {
-  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, true, true, true, tf_none);
+  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/true, /*strict*/true,
+					  /*now*/true, /*fundef_p*/false,
+					  tf_none);
 }
 
 /* Like above, but complain about non-constant expressions.  */
@@ -9948,7 +10048,8 @@  is_rvalue_constant_expression (tree t)
 bool
 require_constant_expression (tree t)
 {
-  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, false, true, true,
+  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/false, /*strict*/true,
+					  /*now*/true, /*fundef_p*/false,
 					  tf_warning_or_error);
 }
 
@@ -9958,7 +10059,9 @@  require_constant_expression (tree t)
 bool
 is_static_init_expression (tree t)
 {
-  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, false, false, true, tf_none);
+  return potential_constant_expression_1 (t, /*want_rval*/false,
+					  /*strict*/false, /*now*/true,
+					  /*fundef_p*/false, tf_none);
 }
 
 /* Returns true if T is a potential constant expression that is not
diff --git a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
index 07f96ea861f..811a8345712 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
+++ b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
@@ -8450,6 +8450,7 @@  extern bool require_potential_constant_expression (tree);
 extern bool require_constant_expression (tree);
 extern bool require_rvalue_constant_expression (tree);
 extern bool require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression (tree);
+extern bool require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck (tree);
 extern tree cxx_constant_value			(tree, tree = NULL_TREE,
 						 tsubst_flags_t = tf_error);
 inline tree cxx_constant_value (tree t, tsubst_flags_t complain)
diff --git a/gcc/cp/method.cc b/gcc/cp/method.cc
index c217d7e5aad..1e962b6e3b1 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/method.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/method.cc
@@ -1332,7 +1332,7 @@  struct comp_info
 	&& !potential_rvalue_constant_expression (expr))
       {
 	if (was_constexp)
-	  require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression (expr);
+	  require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression_fncheck (expr);
 	else
 	  constexp = false;
       }
@@ -2670,13 +2670,17 @@  synthesized_method_walk (tree ctype, special_function_kind sfk, bool const_p,
      requirements of a constexpr constructor (7.1.5), the
      implicitly-defined default constructor is constexpr.
 
+     C++20:
      The implicitly-defined copy/move assignment operator is constexpr if
       - X is a literal type, and
       - the assignment operator selected to copy/move each direct base class
 	subobject is a constexpr function, and
       - for each non-static data member of X that is of class type (or array
 	thereof), the assignment operator selected to copy/move that
-	member is a constexpr function.  */
+	member is a constexpr function.
+
+      C++23:
+      The implicitly-defined copy/move assignment operator is constexpr.  */
   if (constexpr_p)
     *constexpr_p = (SFK_CTOR_P (sfk)
 		    || (SFK_ASSIGN_P (sfk) && cxx_dialect >= cxx14)
diff --git a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
index 96f0b6d08bd..31d031cd25c 100644
--- a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
+++ b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@  in the following sections.
 -Wno-deprecated-enum-enum-conversion -Wno-deprecated-enum-float-conversion @gol
 -Weffc++  -Wno-exceptions -Wextra-semi  -Wno-inaccessible-base @gol
 -Wno-inherited-variadic-ctor  -Wno-init-list-lifetime @gol
--Winvalid-imported-macros @gol
+-Winvalid-constexpr -Winvalid-imported-macros @gol
 -Wno-invalid-offsetof  -Wno-literal-suffix @gol
 -Wmismatched-new-delete -Wmismatched-tags @gol
 -Wmultiple-inheritance  -Wnamespaces  -Wnarrowing @gol
@@ -3766,6 +3766,32 @@  the variable declaration statement.
 
 @end itemize
 
+@item -Winvalid-constexpr
+@opindex Winvalid-constexpr
+@opindex Wno-invalid-constexpr
+
+Warn when a function never produces a constant expression.  In C++20
+and earlier, for every @code{constexpr} function and function template,
+there must be at least one set of function arguments in at least one
+instantiation such that an invocation of the function or constructor
+could be an evaluated subexpression of a core constant expression.
+C++23 removed this restriction, so it's possible to have a function
+or a function template marked @code{constexpr} for which no invocation
+satisfies the requirements of a core constant expression.
+
+This warning is enabled as a pedantic warning by default in C++20 and
+earlier.  In C++23, @option{-Winvalid-constexpr} can be turned on, in
+which case it will be an ordinary warning.  For example:
+
+@smallexample
+void f (int& i);
+constexpr void
+g (int& i)
+@{
+  f(i); // warns by default in C++20, in C++23 only with -Winvalid-constexpr
+@}
+@end smallexample
+
 @item -Winvalid-imported-macros
 @opindex Winvalid-imported-macros
 @opindex Wno-invalid-imported-macros
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ctor2.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ctor2.C
index 30b01091fd1..eabc586385f 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ctor2.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ctor2.C
@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@  struct A
 
 struct B : A
 {
-  constexpr B(): A() { }	// { dg-error "A::A" }
+  constexpr B(): A() { }	// { dg-error "A::A" "" { target c++20_down } }
 };
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-default-ctor.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-default-ctor.C
index 8d352d0bb99..2f9fbfb596a 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-default-ctor.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-default-ctor.C
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@  struct A {
 struct B: A { };
 constexpr int f(B b) { return b.i; }
 
-struct C { C(); };	       // { dg-message "" }
-struct D: C { };	       // { dg-message "" }
-constexpr int g(D d) { return 42; } // { dg-error "invalid type" }
+struct C { C(); };	       // { dg-message "" "" { target c++20_down } }
+struct D: C { };	       // { dg-message "" "" { target c++20_down } }
+constexpr int g(D d) { return 42; } // { dg-error "invalid type" "" { target c++20_down } }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-diag3.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-diag3.C
index c167bb1d8bc..5eedf42ba36 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-diag3.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-diag3.C
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@  struct base		       // { dg-message "no .constexpr. constructor" "" { target { !
 
 struct derived : public base	// { dg-message "base class" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
 {
-  constexpr derived(): base() { } // { dg-error "non-.constexpr. function" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
+  constexpr derived(): base() { } // { dg-error "non-.constexpr. function" "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } } }
 };
 
 constexpr derived obj;		// { dg-error "not literal" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C
index 1d5c58b4090..48281a47784 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ex1.C
@@ -87,7 +87,8 @@  struct resource {
   }
 };
 constexpr resource f(resource d)
-{ return d; }                  // { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
+{ return d; }                  // { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } } }
+// { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target c++23 } .-2 }
 constexpr resource d = f(9);   // { dg-message ".constexpr." "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
 
 // 4.4 floating-point constant expressions
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-friend.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-friend.C
index 85dfca4ff1d..3d171822855 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-friend.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-friend.C
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@  struct A { A(); };
 
 struct B {
   friend constexpr int f(B) { return 0; } // OK
-  friend constexpr int f(A) { return 0; } // { dg-error "constexpr" }
+  friend constexpr int f(A) { return 0; } // { dg-error "constexpr" "" { target c++20_down } }
 };
 
 template <class T>
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-generated1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-generated1.C
index 4b0d68bf661..98235719546 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-generated1.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-generated1.C
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@  int g();
 
 // We should complain about this.
 template<> constexpr int A<int>::f()
-{ return g(); }			// { dg-error "non-.constexpr." }
+{ return g(); }			// { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target c++20_down } }
 
 // But not about this.
 struct B
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice5.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice5.C
index e934421c2f4..70327fc414a 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice5.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice5.C
@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@  struct A
 struct B
 {
   A a[1];
-  constexpr B() : a() {} // { dg-error "non-constant|non-.constexpr." "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
+  constexpr B() : a() {} // { dg-error "non-constant|non-.constexpr." "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } } }
 };
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice6.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice6.C
index bf95b2443c7..7eabd333758 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice6.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-ice6.C
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@  struct A
   A(int);
 };
 
-struct B : A {};                   // { dg-message "" }
+struct B : A {};                   // { dg-message "" "" { target c++20_down } }
 
-constexpr int foo(B) { return 0; } // { dg-error "invalid type" }
+constexpr int foo(B) { return 0; } // { dg-error "invalid type" "" { target c++20_down } }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-memfn1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-memfn1.C
index 37255282ded..0c95961c730 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-memfn1.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-memfn1.C
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@  constexpr X X::g(X x) { return x; }
 struct Y
 {
   Y() { }
-  constexpr Y f(Y y) { return y; }  // { dg-error "constexpr" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
-  static constexpr Y g(Y y) { return y; } // { dg-error "constexpr" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
+  constexpr Y f(Y y) { return y; }  // { dg-error "constexpr" "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } } }
+  static constexpr Y g(Y y) { return y; } // { dg-error "constexpr" "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } } }
 };
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-neg2.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-neg2.C
index 793b4c3f5d3..47f7fb05e29 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-neg2.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-neg2.C
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@  constexpr int three = one() ? 3 : nonconst_func(0);
 constexpr int bogus() { return zero () ? 3 : nonconst_func(0); } // { dg-error "nonconst_func" }
 
 // Correctly rejected (not sure why).
-constexpr int correct_error() { return nonconst_func(0); } // { dg-error "nonconst_func" }
+constexpr int correct_error() { return nonconst_func(0); } // { dg-error "nonconst_func" "" { target c++20_down } }
 
 // Correctly rejected.
 constexpr int z = bogus();	// { dg-error "" }
 
 // This is also correctly rejected.
-constexpr int correct_failure() { return 0 ? 3 : nonconst_func(0); } // { dg-error "nonconst_func" }
+constexpr int correct_failure() { return 0 ? 3 : nonconst_func(0); } // { dg-error "nonconst_func" "" { target c++20_down } }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-non-const-arg.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-non-const-arg.C
index 0f68643f145..abbc70368d4 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-non-const-arg.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-non-const-arg.C
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@  struct B {
 int global;			// { dg-message "not const" }
 
 struct D : B {
-  constexpr D() : B(global) { }   // { dg-error "global|argument" }
+  constexpr D() : B(global) { }   // { dg-error "global|argument" "" { target c++20_down } }
 };
 
 struct A2 {
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-reinterpret1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-reinterpret1.C
index d7d244f752d..4e19cd36a9f 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-reinterpret1.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-reinterpret1.C
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@  public:
   constexpr static Inner & getInner()
   /* I am surprised this is considered a constexpr */
   {
-    return *((Inner *)4); // { dg-error "reinterpret_cast" }
+    return *((Inner *)4); // { dg-error "reinterpret_cast" "" { target c++20_down } }
   }
 };
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/pr65327.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/pr65327.C
index e8149953ffd..b3ef57eec5f 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/pr65327.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/pr65327.C
@@ -14,5 +14,5 @@  foo ()
 constexpr volatile int // { dg-warning "deprecated" "" { target c++2a } }
 bar ()
 {
-  return i;  // { dg-error "lvalue-to-rvalue conversion of a volatile lvalue" }
+  return i;  // { dg-error "lvalue-to-rvalue conversion of a volatile lvalue" "" { target c++20_down } }
 }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-105050.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-105050.C
index e0688fbd38e..e5d53c9817b 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-105050.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-105050.C
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@  void g();
 void h();
 
 constexpr void f(int* p, int* q) {
-  if (p != q && *p < 0) // { dg-error "neither branch of 'if' is a constant expression" }
+  if (p != q && *p < 0) // { dg-error "neither branch of 'if' is a constant expression" "" { target c++20_down } }
     g();
   else
     h();
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285-2.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285-2.C
index ea44daa849e..7b129fcee7a 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285-2.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285-2.C
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@  struct B {
     int *c = &x->a;
     while (*c)
       c = reinterpret_cast<int *>((reinterpret_cast<char *>(c) + *c));
-    *c = reinterpret_cast<char *>(this) - reinterpret_cast<char *>(c); // { dg-error "reinterpret_cast" }
+    *c = reinterpret_cast<char *>(this) - reinterpret_cast<char *>(c); // { dg-error "reinterpret_cast" "" { target c++20_down } }
   }
 };
 struct C : A {
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285.C
index 26aab9b6a50..fe0b8570ca2 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89285.C
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@  struct B {
     int *c = &x->a;
     while (*c)
       c = reinterpret_cast<int *>((reinterpret_cast<char *>(c) + *c));
-    *c = reinterpret_cast<char *>(this) - reinterpret_cast<char *>(c);	// { dg-error "reinterpret_cast" }
+    *c = reinterpret_cast<char *>(this) - reinterpret_cast<char *>(c);	// { dg-error "reinterpret_cast" "" { target c++20_down } }
   }
 };
 struct C : A {
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89785-2.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89785-2.C
index 5cd46c791af..7afd9d24e98 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89785-2.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-89785-2.C
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@  foo (int x)
     case 2:
       break;
     }
-  throw 42;	// { dg-error "is not a constant expression" }
+  throw 42;	// { dg-error "is not a constant expression" "" { target c++20_down } }
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@  bar (int x)
 	    continue;
 	  break;
 	}
-      throw -42;	// { dg-error "is not a constant expression" }
+      throw -42;	// { dg-error "is not a constant expression" "" { target c++20_down } }
     }
   while (0);
   return x;
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-neg1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-neg1.C
index 8e9d1ea4943..53b5dd50f51 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-neg1.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-neg1.C
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ 
 struct A { A(); };
 
 constexpr int f(int i) {
-  static int j = i;		// { dg-error "static" }
+  static int j = i;		// { dg-error "static" "" { target c++20_down } }
   thread_local int l = i;	// { dg-error "thread_local" "" { target c++20_down } }
   goto foo;			// { dg-error "goto" "" { target c++20_down } }
  foo:
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-nsdmi7b.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-nsdmi7b.C
index ec10ddd2be8..a410e482664 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-nsdmi7b.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-nsdmi7b.C
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@  bar()
   A a = foo();
   a.p->n = 5;
   return a;
-} // { dg-error "non-.constexpr." }
+} // { dg-error "non-.constexpr." "" { target c++20_down } }
 
 constexpr int
 baz()
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-throw.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-throw.C
index 3bbc8ac1b88..35928744686 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-throw.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1y/constexpr-throw.C
@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@  constexpr void f1() {
 
 constexpr void f2() {
   if (true)
-    throw;	// { dg-error "not a constant expression" }
+    throw;	// { dg-error "not a constant expression" "" { target c++20_down } }
 }
 
 constexpr void f3() {
   if (false)
     ;
   else
-    throw;	// { dg-error "not a constant expression" }
+    throw;	// { dg-error "not a constant expression" "" { target c++20_down } }
 }
 
 constexpr void f4() {
-  throw;	// { dg-error "not a constant expression" }
+  throw;	// { dg-error "not a constant expression" "" { target c++20_down } }
 }
 
 constexpr int fun(int n) {
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..48706f7b66e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit10.C
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ 
+// PR c++/106649
+// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
+// { dg-do compile { target c++23 } }
+// { dg-options "-Winvalid-constexpr -pedantic-errors" }
+
+// No constexpr constructors = not a literal type.
+struct NonLiteral {
+  NonLiteral() {}
+};
+
+// C++23: It is possible to write a constexpr function for which no
+// invocation satisfies the requirements of a core constant expression.
+constexpr NonLiteral
+fn0 (int) // { dg-warning "invalid return type" }
+{
+  return NonLiteral{};
+}
+
+constexpr int
+fn1 (NonLiteral) // { dg-warning "invalid type" }
+{
+  return 42;
+}
+
+// From P2448.
+void f(int& i) {
+    i = 0;
+}
+
+constexpr void g(int& i) {
+    f(i); // { dg-warning "call to" }
+}
+
+// [dcl.constexpr] used to have this.
+constexpr int f(bool b)
+  { return b ? throw 0 : 0; }           // OK
+constexpr int f() { return f(true); }   // ill-formed, no diagnostic required
+
+struct B {
+  constexpr B(int) : i(0) { }
+  int i;
+};
+
+int global;
+
+struct D : B {
+  constexpr D() : B(global) { } // { dg-warning "not usable" }
+  // ill-formed, no diagnostic required
+  // lvalue-to-rvalue conversion on non-constant global
+};
+
+// If no specialization of the template would satisfy the requirements
+// for a constexpr function when considered as a non-template function,
+// the template is ill-formed, no diagnostic required.
+template<typename>
+constexpr void
+fn2 ()
+{
+  int i = 42;
+  f (i);
+}
+
+void
+fn3 ()
+{
+  fn2<int>();
+}
+
+constexpr volatile int cvi = 10;
+
+constexpr int
+fn4 ()
+{
+  return cvi;  // { dg-warning "lvalue-to-rvalue conversion" }
+}
+
+constexpr unsigned int
+fn5 (int *p)
+{
+  unsigned int *q = reinterpret_cast<unsigned int *>(p); // { dg-warning "reinterpret_cast" }
+  return *q;
+}
+
+constexpr int
+fn6 (int i)
+{
+  void *p = (void *) 1LL; // { dg-warning ".reinterpret_cast. from integer to pointer" }
+  return 42;
+}
+
+constexpr int
+fn7 (int i)
+{
+  static int s = i; // { dg-warning "static" }
+  return s;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7114bc66cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit11.C
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ 
+// PR c++/106649
+// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
+// { dg-do compile { target c++23 } }
+// { dg-options "-Winvalid-constexpr -pedantic-errors" }
+
+// [dcl.constexpr]/4 used to say:
+// The definition of a constexpr constructor whose function-body
+// is not = delete shall additionally satisfy the following requirements:
+// (4.1) for a non-delegating constructor, every constructor selected to initialize non-static data members and base class subobjects shall be a constexpr constructor;
+// (4.2) for a delegating constructor, the target constructor shall be a constexpr constructor.
+
+// This continues to be OK.
+struct Length {
+  constexpr explicit Length(int i = 0) : val(i) { }
+private:
+  int val;
+};
+
+struct X {
+  X() {}
+  X(int i_) : i(i_) {}
+  int i;
+};
+
+struct S {
+  X x;
+  // Calls a non-constexpr constructor X::X(int).
+  constexpr S(int i) : x(i) { } // { dg-warning "call to" }
+  S(int, int) { }
+  // Target constructor isn't constexpr.
+  constexpr S() : S(42, 42) { } // { dg-warning "call to" }
+};
+
+namespace N1 {
+struct X {
+  void x();
+};
+struct Y {
+  X x;
+  constexpr void y() { x.x(); } // { dg-warning "call to" }
+};
+}
+
+void g();
+
+struct A {
+  constexpr A() { g(); } // { dg-warning "call to" }
+};
+
+struct B {
+  constexpr B& operator=(const B&) { g(); return *this; } // { dg-warning "call to" }
+  constexpr B& operator=(B&&) { g(); return *this; } // { dg-warning "call to" }
+};
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit12.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit12.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8f003b80190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit12.C
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ 
+// PR c++/106649
+// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
+// { dg-do compile { target c++23 } }
+// Test that we get a diagnostic even in C++23 if you do call the function.
+
+constexpr unsigned int
+fn0 (const int *p)
+{
+  return *reinterpret_cast<unsigned const int *>(p); // { dg-error ".reinterpret_cast. is not a constant expression" }
+}
+
+constexpr void *
+fn1 (int i)
+{
+  return (void *) 1LL; // { dg-error ".reinterpret_cast." }
+}
+
+void
+g ()
+{
+  constexpr int i = 42;
+  constexpr auto a1 = fn0 (&i);
+  constexpr auto a2 = fn1 (i); // { dg-error "called in a constant expression" }
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit13.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit13.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7997e8e2c3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit13.C
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ 
+// PR c++/106649
+// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
+// { dg-do compile { target c++23 } }
+// { dg-options "-Winvalid-constexpr" }
+
+constexpr volatile int i = 10;
+
+constexpr int
+bar ()
+{
+  return i;  // { dg-warning "lvalue-to-rvalue conversion of a volatile lvalue" }
+}
+
+constexpr int x = bar (); // { dg-error "called in a constant expression" }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit14.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit14.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f79ff15cbe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit14.C
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ 
+// PR c++/106649
+// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
+// { dg-do compile { target c++20 } }
+// { dg-options "" }
+// The definition of a constexpr destructor whose function-body is not
+//  =delete shall additionally satisfy the following requirement:
+//  (5.1) for every subobject of class type or (possibly multi-dimensional)
+//  array thereof, that class type shall have a constexpr destructor.
+
+struct B {
+  B() { }
+  ~B() { }
+};
+
+struct T : B {
+  constexpr ~T() { }	// { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
+};
+
+struct S {
+  constexpr S() = default;              // was error: implicit S() is not constexpr, now OK
+  ~S() noexcept(false) = default;       // OK, despite mismatched exception specification
+private:
+  int i;
+  S(S&);                                // OK: private copy constructor
+};
+S::S(S&) = default;                     // OK: defines copy constructor
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..aa35fa88189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit15.C
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ 
+// PR c++/106649
+// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
+// { dg-do compile { target c++23 } }
+// { dg-options "-Winvalid-constexpr" }
+// A copy/move assignment operator for a class X that is defaulted and
+// not defined as deleted is implicitly defined when it is odr-used,
+// when it is needed for constant evaluation, or when it is explicitly
+// defaulted after its first declaration.
+// The implicitly-defined copy/move assignment operator is constexpr.
+
+struct S {
+  constexpr S() {}
+  S& operator=(const S&) = default;
+  S& operator=(S&&) = default;
+};
+
+struct U {
+  constexpr U& operator=(const U&) = default;
+  constexpr U& operator=(U&&) = default;
+};
+
+constexpr void
+g ()
+{
+  S a;
+  S b;
+  b = a;
+  b = S{};
+
+  U u, v;
+  u = v;
+  u = U{};
+}
+
+static_assert ((g(), true), "");
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit16.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit16.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a6c4d19ffc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit16.C
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ 
+// PR c++/106649
+// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
+// { dg-do compile { target c++20 } }
+// { dg-options "" }
+
+template <typename T>
+struct Wrapper {
+    constexpr Wrapper() = default;
+    constexpr Wrapper(Wrapper const&) = default;
+    constexpr Wrapper(T const& t) : t(t) { }
+
+    constexpr T get() const { return t; }
+    constexpr bool operator==(Wrapper const&) const = default; // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
+private:
+    T t;
+};
+
+struct X {
+    X();
+    bool operator==(X const&) const;
+};
+
+Wrapper<X> x;
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit3.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit3.C
index 3b5585dcd84..2238db91157 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit3.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit3.C
@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@  constexpr int
 foo ()
 {
   goto lab;	// { dg-error "'goto' in 'constexpr' function only available with" "" { target c++20_down } }
-lab:		// { dg-error "'goto' is not a constant expression" "" { target { c++23 } } .-1 }
+lab:
   return 1;
 }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit6.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit6.C
index fbeb83075b0..a1436938318 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit6.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit6.C
@@ -18,8 +18,19 @@  bar ()
 }
 
 constexpr int
-baz (int x)
+baz ()
 {
   thread_local int a;	// { dg-error "'a' defined 'thread_local' in 'constexpr' context" }
   return ++a;
 }
+
+// In C++23, we get errors about the non-constant expressions only if we
+// actually call the functions in a constexpr context.
+
+void
+test ()
+{
+  constexpr int a = foo (); // { dg-error "constant expression" }
+  constexpr int b = bar (); // { dg-error "constant expression" }
+  constexpr int c = baz (); // { dg-error "constant expression" }
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit8.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit8.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3fb1b93bd07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit8.C
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ 
+// PR c++/106649
+// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
+// { dg-do compile { target c++14 } }
+// { dg-options "" }
+
+// No constexpr constructors = not a literal type.
+struct NonLiteral {
+  NonLiteral() {}
+};
+
+// C++23: It is possible to write a constexpr function for which no
+// invocation satisfies the requirements of a core constant expression.
+constexpr NonLiteral
+fn0 (int) // { dg-warning "invalid return type" "" { target c++20_down } }
+{
+  return NonLiteral{};
+}
+
+constexpr int
+fn1 (NonLiteral) // { dg-warning "invalid type" "" { target c++20_down } }
+{
+  return 42;
+}
+
+// From P2448.
+void f(int& i) {
+    i = 0;
+}
+
+constexpr void g(int& i) {
+    f(i); // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
+}
+
+// [dcl.constexpr] used to have this.
+constexpr int f(bool b)
+  { return b ? throw 0 : 0; }           // OK
+constexpr int f() { return f(true); }   // ill-formed, no diagnostic required
+
+struct B {
+  constexpr B(int) : i(0) { }
+  int i;
+};
+
+int global;
+
+struct D : B {
+  constexpr D() : B(global) { } // { dg-warning "not usable" "" { target c++20_down } }
+  // ill-formed, no diagnostic required
+  // lvalue-to-rvalue conversion on non-constant global
+};
+
+// If no specialization of the template would satisfy the requirements
+// for a constexpr function when considered as a non-template function,
+// the template is ill-formed, no diagnostic required.
+template<typename>
+constexpr void
+fn2 ()
+{
+  int i = 42;
+  f (i);
+}
+
+void
+fn3 ()
+{
+  fn2<int>();
+}
+
+constexpr volatile int cvi = 10;
+
+constexpr int
+fn4 ()
+{
+  return cvi;  // { dg-warning "lvalue-to-rvalue conversion" "" { target c++20_down } }
+}
+
+constexpr unsigned int
+fn5 (int *p)
+{
+  unsigned int *q = reinterpret_cast<unsigned int *>(p); // { dg-warning "reinterpret_cast" "" { target c++20_down } }
+  return *q;
+}
+
+constexpr int
+fn6 (int i)
+{
+  void *p = (void *) 1LL; // { dg-warning ".reinterpret_cast. from integer to pointer" "" { target c++20_down } }
+  return 42;
+}
+
+constexpr int
+fn7 (int i)
+{
+  static int s = i; // { dg-error "static" "" { target c++20_down } }
+  return s;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit9.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit9.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..228e90f14c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/constexpr-nonlit9.C
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ 
+// PR c++/106649
+// P2448 - Relaxing some constexpr restrictions
+// { dg-do compile { target c++14 } }
+// { dg-options "" }
+
+// [dcl.constexpr]/4 used to say:
+// The definition of a constexpr constructor whose function-body
+// is not = delete shall additionally satisfy the following requirements:
+// (4.1) for a non-delegating constructor, every constructor selected to initialize non-static data members and base class subobjects shall be a constexpr constructor;
+// (4.2) for a delegating constructor, the target constructor shall be a constexpr constructor.
+
+// This continues to be OK.
+struct Length {
+  constexpr explicit Length(int i = 0) : val(i) { }
+private:
+  int val;
+};
+
+struct X {
+  X() {}
+  X(int i_) : i(i_) {}
+  int i;
+};
+
+struct S {
+  X x;
+  // Calls a non-constexpr constructor X::X(int).
+  constexpr S(int i) : x(i) { } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
+  S(int, int) { }
+  // Target constructor isn't constexpr.
+  constexpr S() : S(42, 42) { } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
+};
+
+namespace N1 {
+struct X {
+  void x();
+};
+struct Y {
+  X x;
+  constexpr void y() { x.x(); } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
+};
+}
+
+void g();
+
+struct A {
+  constexpr A() { g(); } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
+};
+
+struct B {
+  constexpr B& operator=(const B&) { g(); return *this; } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
+  constexpr B& operator=(B&&) { g(); return *this; } // { dg-warning "call to" "" { target c++20_down } }
+};
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/feat-cxx2b.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/feat-cxx2b.C
index 85e66871fd1..3ce36e45cb7 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/feat-cxx2b.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp23/feat-cxx2b.C
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ 
 
 #ifndef __cpp_constexpr
 #  error "__cpp_constexpr"
-#elif __cpp_constexpr != 202110
-#  error "__cpp_constexpr != 202110"
+#elif __cpp_constexpr != 202207
+#  error "__cpp_constexpr != 202207"
 #endif
 
 #ifndef __cpp_decltype_auto
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/consteval3.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/consteval3.C
index 83463868668..627ab142d5a 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/consteval3.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/consteval3.C
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@  consteval int
 f13 (int x)
 {
   static int a = 5;		// { dg-error "'a' defined 'static' in 'consteval' function only available with" "" { target c++20_only } }
-				// { dg-error "'a' defined 'static' in 'constexpr' context" "" { target c++23 } .-1 }
   thread_local int b = 6;	// { dg-error "'b' defined 'thread_local' in 'consteval' function only available with" "" { target c++20_only } }
   return x;
 }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-new7.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-new7.C
index bb60a8ee91b..b2c98853882 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-new7.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-new7.C
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@  void *operator new (std::size_t) noexcept;
 constexpr bool
 foo ()
 {
-  auto p = static_cast<int *> (::operator new (sizeof (int)));	// { dg-error "call to non-'constexpr' function" }
+  auto p = static_cast<int *> (::operator new (sizeof (int)));	// { dg-error "call to non-'constexpr' function" "" { target c++20_down } }
   *p = 1;
   ::operator delete (p);
   return false;
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@  struct S { constexpr S () : s (0) {} int s; };
 constexpr bool
 bar ()
 {
-  auto p = static_cast<S *> (::operator new (sizeof (S)));	// { dg-error "call to non-'constexpr' function" }
+  auto p = static_cast<S *> (::operator new (sizeof (S)));	// { dg-error "call to non-'constexpr' function" "" { target c++20_down } }
   auto q = new (p) S ();
   q->s++;
   q->~S ();
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-try5.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-try5.C
index 216634dc56c..eb66105d7c4 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-try5.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/constexpr-try5.C
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@  constexpr int foo ()
 try {			// { dg-warning "function-try-block body of 'constexpr' function only available with" "" { target c++17_down } }
   int a;		// { dg-error "uninitialized variable 'a' in 'constexpr' function" "" { target c++17_down } }
   static double b = 1.0;// { dg-error "'b' defined 'static' in 'constexpr' function only available with" "" { target c++20_down } }
-			// { dg-error "'b' defined 'static' in 'constexpr' context" "" { target c++23 } .-1 }
   goto l;		// { dg-error "'goto' in 'constexpr' function only available with" "" { target c++20_down } }
   l:;
   return 0;
@@ -22,7 +21,6 @@  constexpr int bar ()
 {
   int a;		// { dg-error "uninitialized variable 'a' in 'constexpr' function" "" { target c++17_down } }
   static long double b = 3.0;// { dg-error "'b' defined 'static' in 'constexpr' function only available with" "" { target c++20_down } }
-			// { dg-error "'b' defined 'static' in 'constexpr' context" "" { target c++23 } .-1 }
   goto l;		// { dg-error "'goto' in 'constexpr' function only available with" "" { target c++20_down } }
   l:;
   try {			// { dg-warning "'try' in 'constexpr' function only available with" "" { target c++17_down } }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-constexpr1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-constexpr1.C
index dff59271a1e..fb62ecbfdb5 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-constexpr1.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-constexpr1.C
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@  struct A
 struct B
 {
   A a;
-  bool operator==(const B&) const = default; // { dg-error "A::operator==" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
+  bool operator==(const B&) const = default; // { dg-error "A::operator==" "" { target { { ! implicit_constexpr } && c++20_down } } }
 };
 
 constexpr bool x = B() == B();	// { dg-error "non-.constexpr" "" { target { ! implicit_constexpr } } }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C
index 7a517a8016c..69eaa7b9b20 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/spaceship-eq3.C
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@  struct A {
 struct D
 {
   A i;
-  bool operator==(const D& x) const = default; // { dg-error "A::operator==" }
-  bool operator!=(const D& z) const = default; // { dg-error "D::operator==" }
+  bool operator==(const D& x) const = default; // { dg-error "A::operator==" "" { target c++20_down } }
+  bool operator!=(const D& z) const = default; // { dg-error "D::operator==" "" { target c++20_down } }
 };
 
 constexpr D d{A()};
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/diagnostic/constexpr1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/diagnostic/constexpr1.C
index c962a60c847..19242d15ba8 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/diagnostic/constexpr1.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/diagnostic/constexpr1.C
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@ 
 // { dg-do compile { target c++11 } }
 
 constexpr int foo() { thread_local int i __attribute__((unused)) {}; return 1; }  // { dg-error "40:.i. defined .thread_local." "" { target c++20_down } }
-// { dg-error "40:.i. defined .thread_local. in .constexpr. context" "" { target c++23 } .-1 }
 
 constexpr int bar() { static int i __attribute__((unused)) {}; return 1; }  // { dg-error "34:.i. defined .static." "" { target c++20_down } }
-// { dg-error "34:.i. defined .static. in .constexpr. context" "" { target c++23 } .-1 }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/gomp/pr79664.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/gomp/pr79664.C
index 582eedb6d6d..f4c30c0b3f4 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/gomp/pr79664.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/gomp/pr79664.C
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ 
 // PR c++/79664
 // { dg-do compile }
-// { dg-options "-std=c++14 -fopenmp" }
+// { dg-options "-std=c++14 -fopenmp -Winvalid-constexpr -pedantic-errors" }
 
 constexpr int
 f1 ()
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/ubsan/vptr-4.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/ubsan/vptr-4.C
index a21d3d60a3a..1efd3f77a55 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/ubsan/vptr-4.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/ubsan/vptr-4.C
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ 
 // Verify that -fsanitize=vptr downcast instrumentation works properly
 // inside of constexpr.
 // { dg-do compile }
-// { dg-options "-std=c++11 -fsanitize=vptr" }
+// { dg-options "-std=c++11 -fsanitize=vptr -Winvalid-constexpr -pedantic-errors" }
 
 struct S {
   constexpr S() : a(0) {}